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The patricians were tired of being ruled by the Etruscan king
Tarquin, so they drove him out and the republic was born! However, only the patricians got rights, and the plebeians, who were lower-class, weren't part of the governmental process. -
Rome constantly fought wars to protect its terrain and gain more land.
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The plebeians were tired of having a lack of rights in the new republic, so they camped out on a nearby hill and refused to go back home until they got the rights they wanted. Eventually, the patricians compromised.
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After many years of war, the Romans wisely made allies with the Latin, so another great power was on their side.
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The plebeians wanted written laws so that the patricians couldn't change them all the time.
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Rome nearly ended when a group of Gauls, a war-like people from the north, attacked and looted the city. Afterwards, most of Rome was burned down. However, the Romans bravely decided to rebuild, and the city was thriving once again.
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A consul is someone who had control over the army, and they held seats in the Senate. Since one of them now had to be a plebeian, that made it possible for plebeians to get into the Senate.
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This is the first war that Rome fought with the city of Carthage for control over its land. It started in 264 BCE and ended in 241 BCE.
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This is the second war that Rome fought with Carthage. This time, however, the Carthaginians attacked Rome directly, instead of Rome attacking Carthage. It started in 218 BCE and ended in 202 BCE.
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After about 50 years of peace between the two cities, a senator named Cato ordered the destruction of Carthage. After three years, Carthage was burned to the ground. It started in 149 BCE and ended in 146 BCE.
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After several riots and rebellions that Rome had to put down, Rome finally granted citizenship to all free Italians, not just Romans.
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Slave revolts were common, given how Romans treated slaves. One, caused by a slave named Sparcus, is very famous. After killing Sparcus in battle, the Romans hung the other rebels on crosses.
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Pompey and Caesar were having a civil war. Civil wars between two or more army generals were frequent.
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Finally, in 46 BCE, the civil war between Pompey and Caesar came to an end, and so did Pompey's life. The terrified Senate named Caesar dictator-for-life, but Caesar wouldn't get to enjoy his success for much longer.
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When he was trying to enter the Senate, a group of men stabbed Caesar to death. They thought that they were saving the power of the Senate, but what would come next would be much worse.
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Caesar's murder flung Rome into a series of civil wars that lasted more than 10 years. It started in 44 BCE and ended around 33 BCE
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Octivian, Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son, tried to get power after his granduncle died. First, he had to eliminate his rival, Marc Antony. Antony had just married Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, and, with his army, he chased the lovers to Egypt, where they killed themselves.
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Augustus encouraged art, literature, and education. He completed more than 80 construction projects and gave Rome its first library, police force, and firefighters.
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Augustus reigned until he died. Again, :.(
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Turning towards the end of the empire, Rome had some weak, dishonest emperors starting in 180 and ending in 500, the end of the empire. For example, take Tiberius, the guy in the picture. He was one of the worst Roman emperors in history.
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Eventually, these tribes became citizens and were recruited into the Roman army. However, they had little loyalty to Rome
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This was the move that changed Rome's fate. This divided Rome into two parts: the Roman side, and the Byzantium side. It was later named New Rome, then Constantinople, and now it's Istanbul, Turkey.
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It was only a matter of time...
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The Germanic tribes finally drove Emperor Romulus Augustus from the throne, and the Roman Empire ended. Modern historians mark the end of Rome as the end of the ancient era. However, the western side of the empire (the side with Constantinople on it) continued for 1,000 more years.
