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1300
the beginning of the renaissance
The year 1300 stands out as a starting point due to significant changes in art, culture and thought that were taking place at that time. In addition, the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD marked the end of the Ancient Age and, in a way, the beginning of the transition to the Renaissance. -
Period: 1300 to 1400
Rise of the city-states in Italy
During this period, cities like Florence, Venice, Milan, and Rome experienced an economic, political, and cultural flourishing. These cities became centers of trade, banking, manufacturing, and art, fostering economic growth and political competition among them. -
Period: 1400 to
The Golden Age of Exploration
This period marked a significant era of exploration and discovery. Explorers such as Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, and others embarked on voyages that expanded geographical knowledge, leading to the exploration and mapping of new territories across the globe. This period significantly impacted cultural exchange, trade, and the exchange of ideas between different civilizations. -
Period: 1400 to 1500
The High Renaissance
This era represents the pinnacle of artistic achievement within the Renaissance. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, and Raphael produced some of their most famous works during this period. It was characterized by extraordinary advancements in painting, sculpture, and architecture, showcasing a harmonious blend of artistic skill, technical mastery, and humanistic ideals. -
1440
The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg
This event marked a revolution in the dissemination of knowledge by enabling the mass production of books. The printing press enabled the rapid circulation of ideas, religious texts, literary and scientific works, thus contributing to cultural exchange and the flourishing of learning and education. -
Period: 1500 to
Reformation and Counter-Reformation
This period was marked by religious, political, and social changes triggered by the Protestant Reformation and the Counter-Reformation. The Reformation, led by figures such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, caused divisions in Christianity and generated political and social tensions across Europe. The Counter-Reformation, driven by the Catholic Church, sought to reform and revitalize the Catholic faith, resulting in significant political and social changes in European countries. -
1512
Completion of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Michelangelo Buonarroti, one of the foremost artists of the Renaissance, completed the breathtaking frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. This masterpiece showcased his artistic genius and remains an iconic symbol of Renaissance artistry, depicting biblical scenes and figures with incredible detail and beauty. -
1517
The Protestant Reformation initiated by Martin Luther
This religious movement not only had theological implications, but also triggered significant political, social and economic changes throughout Europe. The Reformation divided Western Christianity and led to political conflicts between religious powers and the emergence of new Christian denominations. It also had an impact on the economy and society by influencing attitudes towards work, wealth and education. -
1543
Publication of "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium"
This monumental work presented the heliocentric model of the universe, challenging the geocentric view that had prevailed for centuries. Copernicus's theory revolutionized astronomy and marked a crucial moment in the Scientific Revolution. -
The end of the Renaissance
This period was followed by the beginning of the Baroque era. However, there is no specific event that marks the end of the Renaissance, as it was a cultural and artistic process that evolved gradually over time.