The origins of educational psychology

(35-100 A.D.)

100 BCE

During Roman times, Quintilian argued in favor of public rather than private education.He condemned physical force as a method of discipline,He urged that teachers take
into account individual differences, suggesting that they take time to study the unique characteristics of their students. He also set forth criteria for teacher selection

1900

18

John Dewey (1859-1952), were, like
James's, in three intertwined fields of study: philosophy, psychology, and pedagogy. Dewey argued that what held together stimuli and
their responses were the interpretations given to both, thus putting consciousness,attribution, and constructivist views squarely before the emerging stimulus response (S-R) psychologists of that time.Dewey's important psychological article (1896) had immediate educational implications.

(1492- 1540)

1490

Juan Luis Vives stated to teachers there should be an orderly presentation of the facts to be learned and what is to be learned must be practiced. He wrote on practical knowledge and the need to engage student interest, the need of special education and the area of aptitude treatment interaction, learning being dependent on self-activity, he was a precursor to contemporary research on metacognition, and the need for students to be evaluated on the basis of their own past accomplishments.

(1592-1671)

1592

Comenius, a humanist, influenced both educational and psychoeducational thought.He wrote texts that were based on a developmental theory.recognize the age differences in children's ability to learn. He also noticed that children learn more effectively when they are involved with experiences that they can assimilate.Understanding,is the goal of instruction; we learn best that which we have an opportunity to teach;

6th century B:C

1600

Plato and Aristotle discussed about the kinds of education ; the training of the body and the cultivation of psychomotor skills;the formation of good character; the possibilities and limits of moral education; the effects of music, poetry, and the other arts on the development of the individual; the role of the teacher; the relations teacher - student; methods of teaching; the nature of learning; the order of learning; affect and learning; and learning apart from a teacher.

(1776 -1841)

1776

Johann Friedrich Herbart played a crucial role for the scientific study of education his disciples wrote about what we now call schema theory, advocating a cognitive psychology featuring the role of past experience and schemata in learning and retention.They promoted the five formal steps for teaching virtually any subject matter: (a) preparation (of the mind of the student), (b) presentation (of the material to be learned), (c) comparison, (d) generalization, and (e) application.

(1857- 1934)

1857

Joseph Mayer Rice was the father of research on teaching, he endured great difficulties for his beliefs just a few years before the
experimental psychology of E. L. Thorndike was deemed acceptable, Rice was asked to present his empirical classroom-based research on the futility of the spelling grind .

19th century

1895

E. L. Thorndike (1874-1947),Thorndike's influence resulted in an
arrogance on the part of educational psychologists, a closed-mindedness about the complexities of the life of the teacher and the power of the social and political influences on the process of schooling.Thorndike believed that only empirical work should guide education. His faith in experimental psychological science and statistics was unshakable. In hisIntroduction to Teaching (E. Thorndike, 1906)

1900

1900

G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924), founder of the child-study movement that James worried about, was a promoter of psychology in ways that James must have found distasteful.Hall is remembered at Hopkins by the APA for founding the first English language
psychology journal, the American Journal of Psychology. But Hall also founded the second English language psychological journal in America, and it was an educational psychology journal.

19th century

1900

William James (1842-1910) can be considered the central figure in the establishment of psychology in America.James's version of psychological science argued against the elementalism of the
Europeans, giving us the notion that consciousness was continuous-a stream-and not easily divisible,he said consciousness
chooses-it controls its own attention

5th century

1960

Democritus, wrote on the advantages
conferred by schooling and the influence of the home on learning (Watson, 1961).

Mid century

1963

John B. Carroll, one of our most honored educational
psychologists, published his model of school learning he wrote about the discipline of educational psychology and noted that the potential of educational psychology remained untapped because it seemed not to be concerned with genuine educational problems.

The origins of educational psychology

1977

The ancient Jewish
Our field probably started unnoticed and undistinguished, as part of the folk,traditions of people trying to educate their young ritual of Passover precedes the contemporary work of Cronbach and Snow (1977)

20th century

1981

Philip Jackson (1981)laid the problems of our field squarely
at Thorndike's feet. He cited four ways in which the introduction to the maiden issue of the Journal of Educational Psychology set the stage for the difficulties that would follow