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1296
Florence Cathedral's dome
The construction began in 1296, by the architect A. di Cambio. In 1334,the work came under the guidance of Giotto and in 1350 it passed into the hands of F. Talenti.Giotto focused more on the construction of the tower, while Talenti did change the initial design somewhat. Brusllenchi in 1380 created the roofs of the central and side naves.in 1436, Pope Eugene IV consecrated the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. Brunelleschi died in 1446, Verrocchio the work continued until completion in 1468. -
Period: 1301 to
Renaissance
The period that was following the Middle Ages,was marked by a renewed interest in Classical scholarship and values.It saw the exploration of new continents,the shift from the Ptolemaic to the Copernican system of astronomy,the decline of feudalism,the rise of commerce,and new inventions like paper,printing,the mariner's compass and gunpowder.For the thinkers of the time,was the primarily a revival of Classical learning and wisdom after a primarily a revival of Classical learning and wisdom. -
1498
Pietá,
It is a Christian art that originated in Germany and spread to France, becoming popular in northern Europe.Early representations often included additional figures.The traditional format of the Virgin holding Christ on her knees persisted until the 16th century when artists,influenced by Renaissance ideals of logic and proportions,started depicting Christ lying at the Virgin's feet with his head propped against her knees.This format became prevalent in Italian Baroque art and spread to Spain,etc. -
1509
The school of Athens
Is by Raphael and located in the Stanza della Segnatura, on the Pope Julius II's private apartments in the Vatican. This masterpiece is considered one of the most famous works and holds great significance in the context of the Renaissance.Was summoned to Rome in the late 1508 by Pope Julius II. Although relatively unknown in Rome at the time, quickly left a lasting impression on the papal court, gaining recognition and authority as a master artist. -
Period: 1516 to 1556
The reign of Carlos I
King Carlos I of Portugal, known by various titles including The Diplomat, The Martyr, and The Oceanographer, ruled Portugal from 1889 until his tragic assassination in 1908. His reign marked a period of significant challenges, both domestically and internationally. This article will explore the early life, reign, and untimely death of King Carlos I, shedding light on his achievements, struggles, and enduring legacy. -
Period: 1516 to 1556
The revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla
The War of the Communities of Castile was the armed uprising of the so-called comuneros, which took place in the Crown of Castile from 1520 to 1522, that is, at the beginning of the reign of Charles I. The main cities were those in the interior of the Central Plateau, with Segovia, Toledo and Valladolid at the head of the uprising. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
First permanent legal basis for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany. Pass by the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire assembled earlier that year at Augsburg. The Peace allowed the state princes to select either Lutheranism or Catholicism as the religion of their domain and permitted the free emigration of residents who dissented. The legislation officially ended conflict between the two groups, though it made no provisions for other Protestant denominations, such as Calvinism. -
Period: 1556 to
The reign of Felipe II
Born May 21, 1527, Valladolid, Spain and died September 13, 1598, El Escorial, king of the Spaniards (1556–98) and king of the Portuguese (as Philip I, 1580–98), champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. During his reign the Spanish empire attained its greatest power, extent, and influence, though he failed to suppress the revolt of the Netherlands (beginning in 1566) and lost the “Invincible Armada” in the attempted invasion of England (1588). -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Reformation, centralisation, excessive taxation, and the rights and privileges of the Dutch nobility and cities -
Period: Dec 24, 1568 to Mar 24, 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
Where on the Kingdom of Granada,Crown of Castile and Spain wins.Mass deportation of most Muslims from Granada to Castile.The 2 rebellion of the Alpujarras,sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt,was the 2 such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region and on the Granada region,north of the city of Granada.The rebels were Moriscos the nominally Catholic descendants of the Mudéjares following the 1 rebellion of the Alpujarras 1499–1501. -
1579
The sigment of the Union of Utrecht
It was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, Netherlands, which united the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain. The treaty established a military league to resist the Spanish and served as the basis of the Dutch Republic and later the kingdom. -
1579
The sigment of the Union of Arras
It was an agreenment made in the city of Arras. Some provinces in he south of the Netherlands recognized the sovereignty of Phlip II in the framework of ther Eigthty Years' War. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was defeated by an English naval force under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake off the coast of Gravelines, France. After eight hours of fighting, a change in wind direction prompted the Spanish to break off from the battle and retreat toward the North Sea. The English fleet beat the Spanish fleet near Calais. Philip II of Spain failed in his plan to invade England and overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and bring back Catholicism -
Apollo and Daphne
The myth is that Parthenius, a Greek poet who lived during the 1st century BCE,however, the most well-known and lyrical telling was by the Roman poet Ovid in his Metamorphoses, a collection of Greek fables first written in 8 CE. And the art is of two stone dishes from present-day Pakistan in the Metropolitan Museum of Art have been associated with the Apollo and Daphne myth. Their dating is controversial, with the most recent publication using the date 1st century B.C -
Saint Peter's square project
The open space which lies before the basilica was redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini from 1656 to 1667,under the direction of Pope Alexander VII,as an appropriate forecourt,designed.Bernini had been working on the interior of St.Peter's for decades;now he gave order to the space with his renowned colonnades,using a simplified Doric order,to avoid competing with the palace-like façade by Carlo Maderno,but he employed it on an unprecedented colossal scale to suit the space and evoke a sense of awe -
The Spinners
In the summer of 1651 with some of his purchases and was warmly welcomed by the king,who, in the following year,appointed him chamberlain of the palace, an office that entailed the arrangement of the royal apartments and of the king’s journeys.During his absence Philip had remarried,and the young queen, Mariana of Austria, with her children provided new subjects for him to portray. For his portraits of the queen and of the king’s eldest daughter,the infanta María Teresa. Is located at the Prado. -
Period: to
Baroque art
This art is a predominant artistic movement in Europe between the 17th and part of the 18.Se characterized by exaggeration, luxury, and ornamentation. This art originated in Italy during the 17th century and spread to other European countries such as Spain, France, etc. This move was a reaction to another move. It manifested itself mainly in Western Europe, although due to colonialism it also occurred in numerous colonies of the European powers, mainly in Latin America. -
Period: to
Neoclassical art
Start in France,which influenced painting and other visual arts.Its hey day was around 1785 and it was characterized by reflecting the thinking of the Enlightenment intellectuals and was based on Greco-Roman culture that was intellectual and refined.He was opposed to the Baroque style which was characterized by a gloomy,excessively decorated and vain aesthetic.Influenced by the Enlightenment and the French Revolution,he put aside emotions to express through reason both moral values and freedom. -
Oath of the Horatii
It is a oil painting by French artist Jacques-Louis David that was completed in 1785. The work, depicting a scene from Roman legend, created a sensation when it debuted and remains one of the best-known Neoclassical paintings. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family
Charles IV, born on November 11, 1748, Portici, Kingdom of Naples and died January 20, 1819, Rome, Italy), king of Spain (1788–1808) during the turbulent period of the French Revolution, who succeeded his father Charles III.
Charles entrusted the government (1792) to Manuel de Godoy, a protégé of the queen, Maria Luisa of Parma. Their adherence to the First Coalition against Revolutionary France led to a French invasion in 1794.