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Period: 1401 to
Renaissance
The Renaissance was a groundbreaking period in history that spanned from the 14th to the 17th century, marking a major shift in the cultural and intellectual landscape of Europe. It was characterized by a renewed interest in the arts, literature, science, and philosophy, fueled by a desire to rediscover the knowledge of ancient civilizations. This era saw a significant departure from the medieval mindset, paving the way for modern society. -
1420
Florence Cathedral's dome, by Brunelleschi (1420)
Florence Cathedral is the cathedral of Florence, Italy. It was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to a design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was structurally completed by 1436, with the dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink, bordered by white, and has an elaborate 19th-century Gothic Revival façade by Emilio De Fabris. -
1498
Pietá, by Michelangelo Buonarroti (1498)
The Madonna della Pietà informally known as La Pietà, is a marble sculpture of Jesus and Mary at Mount Golgotha representing the "Sixth Sorrow" of the Blessed Virgin Mary by Michelangelo Buonarroti, now in Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. It is a key work of Italian Renaissance sculpture and often taken as the start of the High Renaissance. -
1509
The school of Athens by Raphael Sanzio
The School of Athens is a fresco by renaissance artist Raffaello Sanzio, it represents one of the best intellectual figures of the time. It is one of the four frescoes commissioned by Pope Julius II, and is still on display in its original place of creation in Vatican City. The School of Athens is believed to be Raphael’s masterpiece, demonstrating the pinnacle of high renaissance art. -
Period: 1516 to
The reign of Carlos I
The reign of Juan Carlos I of Spain began on November 22, 1975, when the then Prince of Spain Juan Carlos de Borbón swore the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom before the Francoist Cortes after the death of the dictator Franco, who had designated him as successor in power. 1969; It ended on June 19, 2014, when his son Felipe de Borbón y Grecia abdicated, who swore the 1978 Constitution and was proclaimed king by the Cortes Generales with the name of Felipe VI. -
Period: 1520 to 1521
The revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla
The War of the Communities of Castile, or the Revolt of the Comuneros, took place during the reign of Charles I, between 1520 and 1522. It was an armed uprising led by the so-called “comuneros” from the inland cities of Castile, with Toledo and Valladolid at the head of the uprising. This uprising has been interpreted in different ways, as an anti-seigneurial revolt, as one of the first bourgeois revolutions, or even as an anti-fiscal movement. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
Signed on September 25, 1555, the Peace of Augsburg was an agreement between the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and an alliance of Lutheran princes that paved the way for greater religious freedom in Western Europe.Signed on September 25, 1555, the Peace of Augsburg was an agreement between the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and an alliance of Lutheran princes that paved the way for greater religious freedom in Western Europe. -
Period: 1556 to
The reign of Felipe II
King Philip II of Spain ruled over the Kingdom of Spain from 1556-1598. When he inherited the throne, Spain’s territory included the Netherlands, parts of France, Portugal, Italy, and the newly claimed Spanish Americas. He oversaw the most prosperous time for the Spanish Empire. However, this mostly came from brutalizing indigenous populations and plundering in the New World. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
The rebellion of the Alpujarras
La rebelión de las Alpujarras fue un conflicto acontecido en España entre 1568 y 1571 durante el reinado de Felipe II. La abundante población morisca del Reino de Granada se alzó en armas en protesta contra la Pragmática Sanción de 1567, que limitaba sus libertades culturales. Cuando el poder real consiguió vencer a los sublevados, se decidió deportar a los moriscos supervivientes a varios puntos del resto de la Corona de Castilla, cuya población morisca pasó de 20 000 a 100 000 personas. -
Period: 1568 to
The Eighty Years War
The Eighty Years’ War was a series of battles and campaigns of Dutch independence fighters against the Spanish, who ruled there at the time. As the name suggests, it spanned eighty years, interrupted only by a couple of truces. The War resulted in the independence of the United Provinces (a predecessor to the Netherlands we know today) from Spanish rule. -
1579
The signment of the Union of Arras
6, 1579, the Union of Arras (Artois) was formed in the south among Artois, Hainaut, and the town of Douay, based on the Pacification of Ghent but retaining the Roman Catholic religion, loyalty to the king, and the privileges of the estates. -
1579
The signment of the Union of Utrecht
On January 23, 1579, the agreement at Utrecht was concluded, forming a “closer union” within the larger union of the Low Countries led by the States General sitting in Brussels. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada by England
A group of English gentlemen decided to play a friendly game of bowls after a hearty midday meal. They walked over to the Hoe, a grassy stretch of ground overlooking the harbor at Plymouth, one of England’s leading seaports. The men were dressed in full Elizabethan splendor, costumes that marked them as no ordinary mortals. One player was Lord Charles Howard of Effingham, first cousin to Queen Elizabeth I and Lord High Admiral of England. -
Period: to
Baroque Art
In 1527 Europe, religious dominance had the power to direct and inform the content and climate of society's artistic output. At the time, a backlash against the conservative Protestant Reformation was compelled by the Catholic Church to re-establish its importance and grandeur within society. Artists followed suit by reviving Renaissance ideals of beauty, infusing into the era's artwork, music, and architecture a revived nod to classicism further enhanced by a new exuberant extravagance. -
Apollo and Daphne, by Bernini
When famed Baroque sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini unveiled Apollo and Daphne in 1625, the marble work was resoundingly hailed as a meraviglia—a marvel. Not yet 30 years old, the sculptor had captured motion, transformation, sexual appetite, and terror more convincingly than any other artist working in stone before him. “Immediately when it was...finished, there arose such a cry that all Rome concurred in seeing it as a miracle -
Saint Peter's square project by Bernini
St Peter’s Basilica is arguably the most famous building in Vatican City, and certainly the largest. While the building both inside and out is an absolute work of art, the grounds located directly on this building’s doorstep can prove to be just as much of an attraction. This large plaza, like the basilica, was named after Saint Peter who was one of Jesus’ apostles as well as the first Catholic Pope. -
The Spinners, by Velázquez
The mythological story of the contest between the goddess Athena (Minerva to the Romans) and the mortal woman Arachne was perhaps told best by the Roman poet Ovid in his Metamorphoses (Book VI). According to Ovid, Arachne lived in the country of Lydia (which had a legendary reputation for producing some of the most splendid textiles in the ancient world), where she matured into one of the finest weavers ever known. -
Period: to
Neoclassical Art
Neoclassicism is an important style to understand for writers, filmmakers, artists, and architects. Why? Because it changes how we think about classical art. And not just classical art as in “Greek and Roman art” but all art that we consider classical. For more, check out our index of art styles covering more specific and noteworthy movements. -
Oath of the Horatii, by Jacques-Louis-David
The main sources of the story are "the History of Foundation of" Livy, books of Dionysius of Halicarnassus "Roman antiquities". The film shows the struggle of Rome with Alba-Longoi. A dispute between two warring cities was to be settled in the form of a ritualistic duel between three Roman brothers of the genus Horatii, and their opponents from the city of Alba Longa, brothers Curiatii. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family, by Francisco de Goya
"The King says that as soon as Goya is done with your wife's portrait he is to come here and do one of all of us together," wrote Queen Maria Luisa in a letter dated 22 April 1800 and sent from Aranjuez to Manuel Godoy, whose wife, the future countess of Chinchon, Goya was painting at the time. -
Period: to
Sources
Britanica, Cove editions, singulart, warfarehistory, artsy, vaticancitytours, diego-velazquez.org, arthive, franciscogoya, studiobinder, theartstory, wikipedia, historylab, studentsofhistory, dbpedia and studysmarter -
Period: to
Sources
Britanica, Cove editions, singulart, warfarehistory, artsy, vaticancitytours, diego-velazquez.org, arthive, franciscogoya, studiobinder, theartstory, wikipedia, historylab, studentsofhistory, dbpedia and studysmarter