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The belief/theory that Peter was the first pope with the "Key of Heaven/Kingdom" given by Christ, giving superiority to the bishops in Rome becoming a pope. They claim to be the descendant of Peter
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One became the Byzantine Empire, which adopts Greek as a language, and the other, the Western Empire, keeps Latin as their language
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The Edict of Milan is issued by Constantine, which gives religious freedom to the Christians. Properties were given back to the Christians and they were no longer persecuted
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The Nicene Creed suggested that Jesus was both fully human and divine.
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The city was sacked by the Visigoths. This event is set as the milestone of the fall of Rome
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The wall was a perfect protection for the city, it kept hostile enemies out from land and sea until the Ottoman empire seized it
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Kings of France
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Expanded the Frankish Kingdom, a warrior king, rules by killing relatives, adopted Christianity
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Justinian developed Justinian Code, a civil law in contrast to twelve tables; Justinian married Theodora and they tried to conquest the lost Roman lands together, but failed. They also built the Hagia Sophia.
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Orthodox Church built by Justinian, has Greco-Roman architectural styles with Middle Eastern style
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Muhammad conquered Mecca with ten thousand forces
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Ali did not have any heir, so the dispute over who should take place happened between Sunni and Shia. Sunni's believed that whoever is the most capable should rule, whereas the Shiites believed that a new leader should rule over.
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Islamic shrine built in Jerusalem, built by Caliph Umayyad; it is widely believed that Muhammad went through heaven through this rock
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Fight between Islamic Caliph and Charles Martel, who is also known for stopping Islam spreading from in Spain
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Charles Martel (AKA Charles the Hammer) prevented Western Europe from Islam Conquest, which raised Charles' status in the Christian world. Charles laid the foundations for the Caroliginian dynasty.
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Charles Martel's sons and Carloman split the Frankish Empire after Charles died, later Charlemagne reunited the Empire
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The cultural center of Islamic and Arabic civilization, the geography brings Persian influence into Arabic Islam regions
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After the Battle of Tours, Islam under Umayyad Empire continued to threaten the Caroliginians. Embassies were formed and two leaders sent to presents to each other. This alliance brings Islamic influence to Christianity
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Charlemagne, also known as the Father of Europe, puts emphasis on education therefore led to Renaissance. Defended Pope III and the Pope crowned him as the Roman Emperor in return. He brought Germanic tribes, Roman and Christian culture together. Agreement is achieved through the treaty called Pax Nicephori. Two emperors negotiated boundaries.
