The Haitian Revolution

  • Saint-Domingue Handed Over to France

    The western half of the island of Hispaniola, known at the time as Saint-Domingue, was officially given over to the French by the Spanish.
  • Slave Rebellion Begins

    A man named Dutty Boukman ran a voodoo ceremony that helped instigate the slave rebellion, which began in August 1791.
  • Oge Executed, Start of Revolutionary Murmurings

    In February 1791, Vincent Oge is executed after a failed attempt at revolt; from this time until July 1791, murmurings about revolution began as Oge had been the first to attempt a major revolt.
  • Free Men of Color Gain Full Citizenship

    In April 1792, a new Legislative Assembly is formed in France and granted full citizenship to free men of color
  • War With Great Britain

    In February 1793, France enters war with Great Britain, who had control of the island of Jamaica close by Saint Domingue.
  • Sonthonax Frees the Slaves

    In August 1793, Sonthonax declares freedom for all slaves in the Northern part of the island, which is later extended to include the whole island.
  • National Convention Officially Frees Slaves

    In February 1794, the National Convention ratifies Sonthonax's declaration freeing all slaves in the colony Saint Domingue.
  • L'Ouverture Allies with the French

    In May 1794, Toussaint L'Ouverture, leader of the rebelling slaves, decides to join forces with Sonthonax and the French troops.
  • Toussaint L'Ouverture Declares Himself Governor

    In 1801, Toussaint L'Ouverture issues a new constitution declaring himself governor-general of Saint Domingue for life.
  • Napoleon Reinstates Slavery

    In May of 1802, Napoleon signs a law that reinstated slavery where it had not already disappeared.
  • Leclerc Sent to Saint Domingue

    In 1802, Napoleon sends his brother-in-law, Charles Leclerc, with 40,000 troops to take the colony of Saint Domingue back from Toussaint L'Ouverture.
  • L'Ouverture Dies in Prison

    Toussaint L'Ouverture, who had been captured, arrested, and exiled to France by Leclerc, dies in prison.
  • Haiti Established as an Independent Nation

    On January 1, 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, formerly one of L'Ouverture's closest aides, abolishes the colony of Saint Domingue and restores the indigenous name for the land, Hayti, for the new republic.
  • France Recognizes Haiti as a Nation

    France does not recognize Haiti as a nation until 1825, meaning that they did not open trade with Haiti, essentially embargoing them, until this point.
  • Haiti Debt Paid Off

    As a result of being recognized by France, Haiti owed France 90 million Francs, a horrendous amount of debt that was not paid off with interest until 1947