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FLYING SHUTTLE
Is a device used in weaving to pass the weft thread through the warp threads of a loom. -
PRAGMATIC SANCTION
Was wrote by Charles VI to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter. -
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FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Was the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines -
SPINNING JENNY
James Hargreaves invented the spinning machine called Spinning Jenny, this machine could assemble up to 80 threads and could be started by a single person. -
Water Frame
Richard Arkwright invented the water frame. It consisted of a frame that allowed up to 128 spinning mechanisms. -
Spinning Mule
It rotates the textile fibers in the yarn by an intermittent process. Invented by Samuel Crompton. -
Invention of the Steam Engine
James Watt patented a pump with hand-operated valves to raise water from mines by suction produced by condensing steam. -
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AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR
American people defeated the British and these reconized their independence. -
U.S. Declaration of Independence
American people wrote a declaration in which aked the independence from The British Empire -
Power Weaving Loom
A power loom is a mechanized loom system driven by a drive shaft. invented by Edmund Cartwright -
Adoption of the U.S. Constitution
The congress adopted the U.S. Constitution as the laws of the country -
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REIGN OF CHARLES IV
His reign marks the beginning of the crisis of the Old Regime in Spain. -
The calling of the Estates General
Louis XVI decided to meet with the States General to increase the taxes -
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NATIONAL AND CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
Was a constituent assembly in France, formed from the National Assembly during the first stages of the French Revolution. -
Storming of the Bastille
French people were against the Monarchy so decided to take the bastille like a symbol of protest. -
Adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizines
National Constituent Assembly approved the rights of the declaration for the people. -
Adoption of The First French Constitution
The Monarchy was overthrown. -
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LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
A new assembly was elected, it was divided in two groups (Girondins and Jacobins). Louis XVI opposed to this, due to the assembly abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic -
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CONVENTION
The new assembly executed Louis XVI in January 1793. Later some europeans countries declared the war on France to avoid the spread of the revolution. Jacobins imposed a dictatorship (42000 people were executed) -
Execution of Louis XVI
He was guillotined. -
Treaty of Basel
Agreement between France and Spain that restored to Spain peninsular territory lost during the Franco-Spanish War and gave France Santo Domingo. -
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THE DIRECTORY
The middle class gained control and created a conservative government of five members -
Napoleon's Coup D'État
All the power was given to Napoleon Bonaparte. -
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THE CONSULATE
Napoleon Bonaparte took the control trough a military coup, established a new form of government that consisted in three leaders (Napoleon was the First Consul) -
Treaty of San ILDEFONSO
Spain and France. Louisiana and the Duchy of Parma were ceded to France for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. -
Locomotive
Invented by Richard Trevithick. Was a machine use to transport goods, raw materials... -
Approval of the Civil Code
Napoleon established a set of laws that applied equally to all citizens -
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NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE
Napoleon was the Emperor of France at that time -
Napoleon became Emperor
Napoleon declared himself emperor -
BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR
Great Britain, Austria, Russia, Napoles and Sweden unified against France. The Bristh part won in this naval battle -
BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ
Napoleon defeated the Russian and Austrian troops. Force Austria peace with France and kept Prussia out of the alliance against France. -
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REIGN OF JOSEPH I
Joseph Bonaparte (Napoleon's brother), was the king of Naples (1806-1808) and king of Spain (1808-1813). His reign was calmer than the one of his Brtother Napoleon. -
Establishment of the Continental Blockade
Napoleon established that any of their territories or their alliances couldn't trade with The British Empire -
Launch of the First SteamShip
Was the first Passenger Steam-boat in the world -
Revolt of Aranjuez
Supporters of the Prince of Asturias provoked an uprising against King Charles IV -
UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE OF MADRID
In Madrid. The rebellion of the civilians with some military action fought against the occupation of the French troops, we were repressed by the French imperial forces. -
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WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
The Treaty of Valençay put an end to the War of Independence against France with the Spanish victory. -
ABDICATIONS OF BAYONNE
The French emperor Napoleon I forced Charles IV and Ferdinand VI to renounce the throne in his favour. -
Battle of Bailen
Was the first defeat in the open field in the history of the Napoleonic army. By Spain. -
INDEPENDENCE OF COLOMBIA
The Junta de Santa Fe was formed in Santa Fe de Bogotá, the capital of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada -
CONVOCATION OF THE COURTS OF CADIZ
It was the first constitution in Spain that established national sovereignty and the division of powers based on liberal principles. -
APPROVAL OF "LA PEPA
It was the first codified Constitution of Spain and the first legislature that had delegates from the entire nation and its possessions. -
TREATY OF VALLENÇAY
Napoleon I recognized Fernado VII as king of Spain. -
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ABSOLUTIST SEXENIO
Fernando VII raised to the Hispanic Throne. Establish an absolute Monarchy. -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
The Treaty of Fontainebleau ended Napoleon's first reign as emperor of France. -
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VIENNA CONGRESS
Was created for a balance of power, conservative regimes, to contain France and for peace. Were Russia, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia... -
Appearance of the Luddities
Were textile workers which opposed the use of certain types of machinery. Destroyed the machines in raids. -
Battle of Waterloo / End of the Empire
The french army was defeated by Prusia and the British empire -
Creation of the HOLY ALLIANCE
After Napoleon's defeat, Prussia, Russia ans Austria sign an alliance to return the liberalism. Was disolved for conflicts between Russia and Austria. -
INDEPENDENCE OF ARGENTINA
Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli, and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish throne. -
Creation of the First Trade Unions
Workers of divergent occupations were formed. Possibly the first such union was the General Union of Trades. -
INDEPENDENCE OF CHILE
The military victories of José de San Martin and O'Higgins led the Chile's independence. -
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TRIENIO LIBERAL
It is the period that constitutes the intermediate stage of the three into which the reign of Fernando VII is divided. -
INDEPENDENCE OF PERU
Were a serie of military conflicts in Peru from that resulted in the country's independence -
INDEPENDENCE OF MEXICO
After a long civil war finally Mexico was declared independent from Spain. -
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OMINOUS DECADE
Was characterized for several purges of liberals. Last phase of the Fernando VII reign. -
First Commercial Train
Was a Steam locomotive but it transported passengers instead of materials. -
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REGENCY OF MARIA CRISTINA
After Fernando's VII death his wife Maria Cristina de Borbón ocuppied the regency. -
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EFFECTIVE REIGN OF ELIZABETH II
Her reign was marked by political instability, the military politicians and the liberalism. She established a liberal constitutional monarchy. -
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FIRST CARLIST WAR
It was a civil war between the Carlists, the defenders of Isabel II and the regent María Cristina de Borbón, whose government became liberal. -
EXPROPRIATION OF MENDIZÁBAL
Were a set of decrees that resulted in the expropriation of monastic properties. -
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CHARTIST MOVEMENT
Political movement in Great Britain, in which Chartist demanded political reforms to the Parliament for workers such manhood suffrage. -
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REGENCY OF ESPARTERO
Baldomero Espartero is elected. During the Espartero Regency, four elections were held, in 1840, 1841 and 1843. -
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ITTALIAN UNIFICATION
Was the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula when a military group conquered Rome. -
FIRST Liberal Revolutionary Wave
Started in Italy and it spread over 50 countries. The objetive was to abolish the Monarchical constitutions. -
Drafting of the Communist Manifesto
The Manifesto concludes that capitalism does not offer humanity the possibility of self-realization, but rather ensures that humans are alienated. By Karl Marx. -
SECOND Liberal Revolutionary Wave
The revolution for abolish the absolutism continued -
THIRD Liberal Revolutionary Wave
Finally the revolution ended. France establish a Republic and the rest of the countries in Europe established liberal constitutions -
EXPROPRIATION OF MADOZ
It included the lands and censuses of the state. Was executed with greater control than the Mendizabal's one. -
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GERMAN UNIFICATION
The 39 states unified -
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FIRST INTERNATIONAL
Included working-class organisations. Its objetive was to coordinate workers action in all the world. Was dissolved for various dissagreements. -
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PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT (SERRANO)
Period of transition in which the Spanish General Serrano governed. Was characterized by the establish of a new Constitution. -
CONSTITUTION OF 1869
Reflected the progressive and democratic set of ideals. -
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REIGN OF AMADEUS OF SAVOY
King of Spain until his abdication, after which the first Spanish republic was proclaimed. -
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SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The creation of steel, chemicals and electricity, including much more goods, weapons and an upgrade of the transport were the principals consequences. -
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FIRST REPUBLIC
It was the political regime in Spain until the pronouncement of General Martínez Campos who reestablished the Bourbon monarchy. -
FOUNDATION OF THE PSOE
Was founded by Pablo Iglesias. Spanish Socialist Workers Party. -
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL
Protested for eght-hour working days and established 1 May like the workers day. Was dissloves when the First World War started -
FOUNDATION OF THE CNT
The CNT is a tool of struggle for the entire working class. -
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of peace in Europe after the First World War.