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Citation: Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica
Schildt, Jeremy, John Young, Yvonne Santacreu, Robert Iliffe, Michael Hawkins, Stephen Snobelen, Shannon Higgins, Kees-Jan Schilt, and Huw Jones. “Newton Papers : Papers Connected with the Principia.” Cambridge Digital Library, 2015. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-03965/1. -
Sir Isaac Newton's "Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica"
Newton's Principia is considered his life's masterpiece. Through his theory of gravitation and his invention of calculus, he made a mark on history, becoming one of the first scientists to be wealthy and famous in his lifetime, an acceptance not granted to previous generations. This page specifically is part of the revisions for the second edition, an explanation of elliptical motion (based on gravitational pull) intended for John Locke, dated March 1690. Found via Cambridge University Library. -
James Watt's steam engine
Scottish inventor James Watt's steam engine became the catalyst and emblem of the industrial revolution of the following century. What he called "sun-and-planets gear" as well as a piston that could both push and pull and a pressure gauge made up the ingenious machine, enabling Watt to innovate with the individual pieces as well as the overall machine. Watt's original 1788 sketch of his invention belongs to the British Crown, through the Science Museum, London. Found via Encyclopædia Britannica. -
Citation: Steam Engine sketch
Kingsford, Peter W. Watt's Rotative Steam Engine. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, August 9, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Watt#/media/1/637673/38921. -
Ada Lovelace's Notes on the Analytical Engine
Between 1842 and 1843, Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, worked on translating an Italian article describing Charles Babbage's analytical engine. In this translation, she added her own notes, which ended up not only being much longer than the original article, but also provided the first computer program. Her vision that machines like this one could be more than calculators revolutionized the yet-inexistent field of computer science. Found via University of Oklahoma Libraries -
Citation: Notes on the Analytical Engine
Swetz, Frank J. “Mathematical Treasure: Ada Lovelace's Notes on the Analytic Engine.” Mathematical Treasure: Ada Lovelace's Notes on the Analytic Engine | Mathematical Association of America. Mathematical Association of America, May 2019. https://www.maa.org/press/periodicals/convergence/mathematical-treasure-ada-lovelaces-notes-on-the-analytic-engine. -
Citation: Researches of Pasteur Respecting the Theory of Spontaneous Generation
White, M. C. “Researches of Pasteur Respecting the Theory of Spontaneous Generation.” Boston Medical & Surgical Journal 65, no. 1 (August 8, 1861): 16–24. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asp&AN=51964194&scope=site. -
Louis Pasteur's research
Louis Pasteur was a French microbiologist and chemist. His research on microbes led to the invention of vaccination and the cure for rabies, as well as the "pasteurization" of milk to rid it of microbes. All of these factored greatly in the increasing life expectancy of the fin-de-siècle. Enclosed, an article from the Boston Medical & Surgical Journal by M.C. White, M.D., about Pasteur's research with germs. The exportation of his work internationally had an impact on public health worldwide. -
Marie Curie's doctoral thesis
Marie Curie, née Sklodowska, was a Polish-born French chemist and physicist. Her research regarding radioactivity, that she at first conducted with her husband, led her to 2 Nobel prizes and the discovery of 2 elements. Her triumph was exceptional, and the byproducts of her research dominated much of the second half of the 20th century through the Cold War.
Pictured is her doctoral thesis (1903). She became the first woman in France to earn a doctoral degree. Found via The Nobel Prize's website. -
Citation: Marie Curie's doctoral thesis
The Nobel Prize. “The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903.” NobelPrize.org. The Nobel Prize, 2022. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/photo-gallery/.
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