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French Directory
5th government of French Revolution; 5 directors govern France; France is now ruled by the middle class; it's fashionable to display money and health again; temporary control of legislature, with most replaced in July 1799; overthrown by Napoleon's coup d'etat in 1799 -
Coup D'etat of 1799
Also known as "18 Brumaire"; overthrew French Directory and brought Napoleon to power; Military had gained political power by sacrificing civillian governments; Plotters convince the directors to meet in another location (St. Cloud); 3 directors resign and 2 are arrested once there= Napoleon presents himself as the nation's savior -
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First Consul of the Consulate
In November of 1799, Napoleon became the first consul of France. The position of a consul is relative to a dictator. The first consil drafted new laws. Napoleon confirmed that estates, privileges, and local liberties be abolished. He also confirmed careers to be open to talent. Napoleon completed the educational and legal reforms. -
Concordat of 1801
signed by Napoleon I and Pope Pius VII; Napoleon declares Catholicism majority religion of France; Church accepts loss of lands; religious freedom maintained; Pope can approve bishops from the government and government can approve priests from the bishops -
Napoleonic Code
Napoleonic Code is a set of law written by Napoleon I. It was established in France in 1804 during the French Revolution. The code included laws concerning marriage, rights of father, divorce and child inheritance, and human rights for all. -
Battle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz is also known as "The Battle of the Three Emperors." It took place in the winter of 1805 in the west of Austerlitz, Moravia. It is between the French emperor Nepoleon I, the Austrian emperor Francis II, and the Russian Czar AlexanderI. The Austrian sand the Russians attempted to contain France. Emperors Nepoleon I won the war. -
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Continental System
Who: Napoleon
What: A system of tariffs and embargoes against Britain
Where: Britain
Why: To subvert the British Empire -
Period: to
Peninsular War
Who: Portuguese/Spanish, French, British
Where: Portugal/Spain
What: Napoleon sent troops under Gen. Jean-Andoche Junot to attack Portugal. Britain stepped in and helped free Spain from France.
Why: Spain's nationalism was growing and Portugal did not accept Napoleon's Continental System. -
Invasion of Russia
Who: France & Russia
Where: Russia
What: Napoleon forced his own troops and troops of French allies to attack Russia. Napoleon occupied Moscow but then abandoned it and attempted to occupy Smolensk. The severe Russian winter and the Cossacks destroyed Napoleon's men. This defeat began the downfall of him and his empire.
Why: Napoleon was angry because Russia was a former ally of France, and the czar started leaning towards Britain. -
Period: to
Battle of Leipzig
Who: French army fighting against Austrian, Prussian, Russian, and Swedish armies
What: The Austrian allies fought against the French for 3 days with the help of Austria's allies. Allied forces won the battle.
Where: Leipzig, Prussia
Why: The French had won the two previous battles that they had against the Austrians. This battle made many of Napoleon's previous allies go against him, and eventually led to the downfall of the French empire the following year. -
Period: to
The Hundred Days Campaign
Who: Napoleon and the French
What: Napoleon's last attempt to take back France after Louis XVIII took reign. Napoleon gathered his army in France to fight against the Angle-Allied Army and the Prussian Army. Napoleon lost this attempt to defeat the countries whom he was against.
Where: France
Why: Napoleon was trying to take back the power in France so that he could rule once again after his exile to Elba. He was exiled to St. Helena after the French people kicked him out after his defeat. -
Battle of Waterloo
Who: French army and Anglo-Allied Army/Prussian Army
What: Final defeat of Napoleon and the French army
Where: Waterloo, Belgium
Why: The French had been fighting the Anglo-Allied Army and Prussian Army for 100 days when they were finally defeated in the Battle of Waterloo.
