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JamesTown
John Rolfe and Tobacco Settling JamesTown
- James Town was settled to find fortunes, meaning gold. Reffered to as the 3 G's
-Tobacco was introduced by John Rolfe who arrived at Jamestown after the starving period. Tobacco helped the colony flourish.
-The Headright system,100 acres= current settlers 50 acres= each new settlers; this introduced the migration of family -
Puritans & Piligrims settle Plymouth
Plymouth-The city on a hill was proposed by John Whintrop. He believed the eyes of all people would be upon them, they.They were to be a modell of Christian Charity.
- Religious tolerance was established in Maryland when the immigration of other religion was established and Catholicism was a minority.
- The worth ethics was that hard work was an honor to god which woul lead to a prosperous reward.
- The Mayflower Compact established a civil gov't and the passengers allegiance to the king.
-Halfway coven -
Halfway Covenant
The Halfway Covenant was established in New England in 1662, it was promoted by Reverend Solomon Stoddard because it was believed the Puritan purpose was dying out.They were no longer pursuing it as their ancestors did. -
Mercantilism
Mercantilism and Salutary NeglectThe main idea of mercantilism was to empower a nation by exporting rather than importing. A result was colonization which was a source of good, therefore, it thrived the colonizing nation since it did not have to trade with any other nation for goods. The raw materials were produced in the colony and sent to the mother natio, which in return manufactured the good and sent them back to the colonies, which gave them lots of profit. -
Salutary Neglect
In 1660 the first Navigation act established that the England colonies could only trade with their mother nation.
in 1663 the colony had to pass any export through england to be taxed and later send the export to its destination.
in 1673, coloist had to pay taxes even whe trading with each other.
Smuggling became a huge issue, the colonist traded in secret with other countries. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel BaconBacon was concerned about the attacks on white settlers and the governors lack motive to fix the problem. Governor declined helped; therefore,they struck out their ownattack against the indians.
-Indentured Servants were criminals offered a choice to go to North America or prison. They would be ordered to serve for 7 years, after that tme they would be allowed to obtain their freedom. -
Bacon's Rebellion (Slaves)
- Slaves and indentured servants participated in Bacon's Rebellion. Slaves were much cheaper to buy than indentured servants, and they would cause less trouble with the Natives since they would not be freed. All black servants were to be considered slaves for life. Numerous of laws were passed during this period making it illegal for slaves to bare arms, sell goods, and interracially marry. The Quakers however passed an anti-slavery war.
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Deism
Deism is the observation of the natural world connected to the creator. it included the rejection of reveliation. Deism did not believe in supernatural events such as miracles. -
The Great awakening
The Great awakening was a spiritual renewal and the introduction to more emotion in prayer.
The great awakening began in the 1730 and it was introduced by the Wesley brothers and George Whitefield.
It encourage Revivalism which was when the churches wasnt matching up to believers you could form new ones.
The effect on the church was that it pushed individual revival experience over church doctrine. New denomination grew and unicfiead colonists. -
Proclomation line of 1763 and Salutary Neglect
Salutary NeglectThe procomation line pohibited Colonist to move west pass the Apalachian mountains to avoid conflict with the Natives.
The consequences of this line is many Colonist moved west because it was the reason they fought the war to gain access to that territory.
The end of salutary neglect meant the Colonist were not allow to govern themselves anymore, British government would now intervene.
With the end of Salutary Neglect came the myriad of Acts. -
The effects of the French and Indian War
French and Indian War
Effects: debt to England
salutary neglect
The Great awakening
Procolmation of 1763
Treaty of Paris, France gave up Quebec to Britian -
Stamp Acts and Revenue Acts
Stamp Act(1765) - taxes required to print any sort of documents
Quartering Acts(1765) - colonist had to provide a place to stay to the British soldiers
Sugar Act (1764)- Tax on molasses and any type of sugar product
Tea Act (1773)- Gave indian company right to sell tea tax free. Upset smugglers. -
Revolutionary war
The revolution was fought to gain independence from Britian since they did not give it up willingly. The shot heard around the world was the first shot that implemented the Revolution, it's not known who shot first.
Saratoga was a major turning point in the war because it resulted in Frecnh alliance with the Americans.
With french aid America was able to conquer the war and defeat the British. -
The decleration of Independence
on july 1 the continental congress metand the 13 colonies representatives voted in favor of independence as proposed by Richard lee.
- on july 4th 1776 the decleration was signed
- The declaration stated that they were indepndent from brtish rule.
- the purpose of the decleration was to declare autonomy over the colonies and that they were no longer under british rule.
-Thomas Jefferson wrote the decleration of independence with some input from John Adams and Benjamin Franklin. -
The articles of confederattion
The drafting began in 1776
ratification 1777
All 13 colonies ratified the article in 1781
-unicameral
-weak central gov't
-no power to tax the states
- for major laws to be passed they needed 9 out of 13 states to apporove
-central gov't could not control interstate commerce
-make treaties
-decalre war
- NorthWest Ordiance of 1787 ( create five states in the Ohio area)
- prevented west ward movement -
British Violation of Treaty of Paris
The British did not leave the NorthWest Territoy as established;however, they did not leave because Americans failed to give Loyalist back their property. -
Land Ordinance of 1784
Dived the Western territory into ten self governing districts, each of which would petition congress for state hood. In order to become a state when its population equaled the same number of free inhabitants as the smallest sate. -
Land Ordianance of 1785
A system was established for surveying and selliing the western lands. The territory of the North of the Ohio River was to be surveyed and marked off into neat rectangular townships, each divided into 36 identeical sections. Every 4 section were to be set for the U.S. The income from the sale of one of the other section was to support the creation of public schools. sections were to be sold for no less than one dollar. -
Shays Rebelliom
Shays RebellionIf farmers could not pay debts their farms were seized and many were imprisoned. In response a local Massachusets farmer riled up many farmers and rebelled. The protest was soon disrupted when George Washington with -
Constitution
The ConstitutionThe Constitution strenghtened the federal governement
-Judicial(Supreme Court)-interperet the laws of the country.
-Executive(President)-appoints judges, suggest laws.
-Legislative (Congress)- can impeach and remove president,declares war, make laws.
-checks and balances
-bicameral legislature
- allowed the central government to tax -
Constitution
Supporters were the Federalist. John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison wrote the Federalist papers.
The Anti-federalist were against it, they beleived in local governements, because they paid more attention to the people
Majot amendments were:
- The Great Compromise ( 2 houses, one chosen by the people, the other house consisted of 2 representatives.)
-3/5ths compromise: A slave was worth 3/5 th of a person.
- Fugitive slave law- any runaway slave was to be returned back to the owner -
Founding Fathers attitudes towards political parties
Political Parties were viewed as factions and dangerous to the growing nation. They believed politics was supposed to be collaborative not competitive. -
Alexander Hamilton's Financial Program
Financial Program
-Hamilton proposed that the government take responsibility for the existing oublic debt. Many of the miscallaneous, depreciated certificates of indebtness that the old Congress had issued were now in the hands of the wealthy speculators. The gov't would call them in and and exchange them for uniform interest paying bonds, payable at definite days. -
Alexander Hamilton
- Hamilton wanted to place tariffs on imports, which would raise revenue and tax on alcoholic liquors.
- The proposal of the bank was to give the government a safe place to deposit federal fund. it would help collect taxes and disburse the governments expenditures. The bank would be controlled by a director who one-fifth would be appointed by the government.
- Jefferson was opposed to Hamiltons plan. Jefferson believed the creation of the bank was unconstitutional
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Alexander Hamilton
When Washington signed Hamiltons program in 1791 the wealthy manufacturers and sspeculators benefited greatly. However the southern farmers faced the burden of taxes for property and distillers. The rising tension of different opinions on who the federalist party supported arose the political opposition. -
Bill of Rights
They were adopted by the House in 1789
Contains 10 amendment which guarantee the individual rights of citizens under the Constitution. However they were added because it was the only way to ratify the constitution, as proposed by the anti-federalists. -
Washingtons Neutrality Proclomation
The new french government went to war with Britian asn its allies, America established its neutrality. Edmon Genet diplomatic representative of France came to America he landed in Charleston where he made plans to use American ports for french warships, encouraged American ship owners to serve as french privateers. He went against Washingtons plan of neutrality. -
Eli Whitney
Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin and the interchangeable parts.
The cotton gin increased the speed of pulling out the seeds from the cotton bolls. Therefore increasing Cotton import from the souths to other places. Since some farmers could not buy this invention, they counted on slave labor to match up to the speed of the cotton gin.
The interchangeable parts enahnced the creation of more advanced guns. With this invention a myriad of guns were able to be made to arm men in the C.W. -
Washington's farewell address
It is a classic statement of republicanism, warning Americans of the political dangers they can and must avoid if they are to remain true to their values.
-foreign Relations and free trade
-Credit and government borrowing
-Religion, morality and education
-checks and balances and seperation of powers
- danger of political parties
-The Constitution and political factions
-Unity and Sectionalism -
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act- made ut much more difficult for foreigners to become citizens, as well as discouraged new upcoming migrants and encouraged current ones to leave the nation.
Sedition Act- allowed the government to prosecute anyone who who engaged in "sedition" (rebel) against the government. Only those who engaged in false acusations about
government officials and treasonous activities were to be prosecuted. -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
The Kentucky and Virgina Resolves: The resolutions engaged that the state had a right to declare a law unconstitutional that were not authorized by the Constitution. This resolve dealt with the Alien and Sedition Act. -
Election
The Election of 1800 or as its known as the Revolution of 1800 signifies a change in power. The Nation was under Federalist rule, and it transitioned into Democratic-Republican in the election. Thomas Jefferson became the 3rd president of the United States. -
Cult of Domesticity
Gender roles were established. During this period it was impossible for women to obtain divorces, and if divorce was grabted the father was most likely to win custody of the child. Women had little access to the world of politics and bussiness. Women had little access to the world of education. Women were to be mothers and raise good citizen. They were to preform domestic roles. Their role as wives became more significant. They became consumers, who bought goods to create a clean home. -
Emmerson, Cooper and other writers of the 19th century
Ralph Waldo Emmerson- Transcendentalist poet, lecturer, and writer. He expressed his philosophy of transcendentilism in his writing and love of nature.
James Fenimore Cooper- He wrote historical romances about the frontier and the Indian life.
Washington Irving- Wrote biographies of George Washington, and histories of spain the 15th century dealing with Christopher Colmbus and such. One of his famous wrting is "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."
Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom's Cabin. -
Writers of the 19th Century
Henry David Thoreau- outspoken voice for simple living.
Frederick Douglass- Free slave who ran away from his owner, he wrote about antislavery, and discussed his abolotionist views against the institution of slavery. -
Marbury v Madison
Marbury v MadisonJudiciary Review
The court had no jurisdiction in the case and could not force Jeffersn or Madison to seat Marbury.
John Marshal ruled that the Jurisdiction Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. -
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson purchase the Louisiana Territory while validating its constitutionality. The territory was worth 15 million dollars. Jefferson purchased the area to gain access to the Mississippi which was a good source of trade transportation. -
War of 1812
War of 1812
The war of 1812 was cause because: Americans wanted Canada, the impressment of American by the Brtish, and the British were encouranging Natives to revolt and fight the Americans by giving them arms.
The war ended with the treaty of Ghent which did not adress any of the concerns that American fought for, for example impressment. There was no gain nor loss of land. After the War American was recognized as a Nation. -
Hartford Convention
Dec. 15, 1814-Jan. 4, 1815. The hartford convention was a meeting to address the opposition of the war of 1812, mostly made up of Federalists. The Federalist proposed amendments which were ignored with the end of the war and the defeat in the battle of New Orleans. The end of the war marked the end of the Federalists party. -
Lowell System
Lowell System was a labor and production model employed in the United States. Lowells textile manufacturing company hired single women rather than whole families. The "mill-girls" worked for 80 hours a week, and they stayed in boarding houses near the mill. -
American System
The American system was proposed by Henry Clay. The American systme proposed the Tariffs which benefited the North rather than the South. It chartered the second bank of the United States. Lastly it provided internal improvements at the federal expense, such as the the National road and the erie canal. The American System greatly benefited the West and East. The Canal increased trade between the East and West . -
Compromise of 1820
The Compromise also known as the Missouri Compromise was set to establish a line between free and slave states. It define the 36' 30' parallel as the defining line. Any new state above the line would become a free state and any bellow the line would be a slave state. The line was set up over the conflict of Missouri whether it would be a slave or free state. The admittance of Missouri would disrupt the balance. Therefore when Maine applied for statehood it was a chance to admit Missouri. -
Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe delivered his annual message to Congress on 1823 addressing that the Western Hemisphere ould not be colonized by any European Nation. It was a hinted warning.
South American colonies had just fought against their colonizing nation and resulte in a Republic Governent, the U.S agreed with their political philosophy. -
Theodore Corollary
in 1904 the Corollary stated that the United States would intervene as a last resort to ensure that other nations in the Western Hemisphere fulfilled their obligations to international creditors, and did not violate the rights of the United States or invite “foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations.” -
Tariff of Abomination
The tariff sought to protect northern manufacturing. It placed taxes on imports to decrease foreign competition. It benefited the North and West, but the South resulted in devalued southern exports. Due to placing taxes on imports, Southerners were forced to buy American goods which were much more expensive. Calhoun proposed the Nullification doctrine which emphasized a state’s right to reject federal laws within its borders and questioned the constitutionality of taxing imports. -
Tariff of Abomination
The effetcs of this tariff on secession was that it benefited the North and Noth the South creating tension between the two sections. Jacksons reaction to the Nullification crisis was he threatend to hang any men who opposed him. -
Andrew Jackson
Pet Banks- were where Jackson placed all the money that was in the federal ban that he did not re-charter. This led to the panic of 1837. -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson Indian policy consisted of Indian Removal.The Native tribes were forced to move into Indian territory. The cherokke tried to withsatnd this movement legally, but either way they were forced out of their land. This led to the trail of tears were many natives died.
Andre Jackson did not support the bank, He believed it was unconstitutional because it was never mentioned that the governement had the power to create a bank. -
Transcendentalism
-Ralph Waldo Emmerson- nature
-Henry David Thoreau- civil disobedience (not pay taxes that go for immoral acts)
-Margaret Fuller- (womens rights)
Transcendentalists theory was of the individual that rested on a distinction between what they called reason and understanding. Reason was the individuals capacity to grasp beauty and truth through giving full expression to the instincts and emotions. -
William Lloyd Garrison- An abolitionist,
William Lloyd Garrison- An abolitionist, part of the American anti-slavery Society. Wrote the newspaper the "Liberator." Believed inemancipation without compensation. Prominent voice for the women suffrage movement. -
Mexico
James K. Polk defeated Henry Clay of the Whig party in the 1844 election. James K Polk was ooposed to the Whigs foreign policy. The Whigs (Clay) did not want to expand nor annex Texas. On the other hand Polk did, his idea of expansion began to be knows as the Manifest Destiny. -
Manifest Destiny
The Manifest Destiny began to represent Polks term. It means: "Our God given right to expand."
- The Whigs did not wish to expand West, but Polk did anyways.
- The Democratic policies during this time was they supported the expansion, they were the ones in office when they gained the Oregon territory as well as during the Mexican War. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war and gave America the S.W including California and set the Rio grande as the border for texas. -
Seneca Falls Convention
Where women reformers met to discuss. They wrote the Declaration of Sentiments- womens rights.
Susan b. Anthony- co founder of the women temperance movement, civil rights, women suffrage.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton- founder of the women Temperance movement, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement. -
Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty was the idea that the people in the state voted whether or not to have slavery. Therefore, the group with the majority of votes decided the condition of the state. Stephen Douglas supported this idea with the Free Port Doctrine. -
Compromise of 1850
- California was admitted as a free state.
- Strenghthen fugitive slave law.
- Slave trade abolished in D.C.
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Irish Immigration
The Know Nothings endoresed a list which banned the Catholics or foreigh born from holding office. To vote they had to take a literacy test. To become a citizen became more restrictive aswell. -
Irish Immigration
The Irish began to migrate to America due to the Potato famine. When they arrived they mainly worked in textile mills. The migrants worked for low wages, therefore, the nativist believed they were taken their jobs. Many migrants voted for Democrats outraging the Whig party. The Know-Notthings were primarily known as the Native American Party, but due to their famous line " I know nothing" they party name changed. The Know Nothings endoresed a list which banned the Catholics or foreigh born from -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Proposed by Stephen Douglas, signed by President Franklin Pierce.
Seperated the territory into two halves. Nebraska being free and Kansas a slave state, voted in by popular sovereignty.
The Missouri Compromise was repealed since the new state lied above the 36'30' parallel. John Brown an extreme abolitionist with his two son and supporter killed pro slavery supporters in Kansas to make his point. -
Dredd Scott
Dredd Scott is defined as property there fore the court can not do anything. The Dredd Scott court decisionestablishes the unconstitutionality of the Missouri compromise, The constitution never says the government can limit the growth of slavery. The North is outraged. -
John Brown
John Brown and many abolitionist supporters raided Harpers Ferry and took control , hoping that the local slaves would join the raid, all did not go as plan. Brown stayed in hiding until Lee and his forces came and killed many of the abolitionist. Brown however went to jail. In the North Brown was viewed as a hero and in the south he was viewed as a terrorist and a psycho. -
Lincoln
Policy over slavery: he believed it was injust and he was against it.
Lincoln did not want seccession, although his election was the major cause for the seperation of the union. He mainly fought to unify the nation once again, that was his main goal. Later on he became more focused on the Emancipation of slaves. -
Civil War
Began in 1861 and ended in 1865. The main cause for the civil war was the issue over slavery, as well as the benefits the North was recieveing while the South recieved the burden of tariffs. Lastly the election of Lincoln caused a great dispute resulting in South Carolina secceeding. The South feared Republican power and they believed Lincoln was king Henry and they pictured themselves as the 13 colonies. -
Civil War
Norths strength: Manufacturing, population, money, strong central government, textile, immigrants, Ulysses, and Tecumseh, transportation
Souths strength: fighting in the South, drive to fight, Britian almost allied with them, cotton, Stonewall, Lee.
The policy from FRance and Britian was they would not get involved. -
Emancipation Proclomation
Written by Abraham Lincoln, freed all the slaves in the Confederacy. The Confederate states did not pay much attention to the Emancipation. Lincoln did not free the border slaves because it would result in losing alliance from the border states. The Emancipation encourages slaves to runaway and join the Union Army.
