The Chinese Civil War

By 23mdin
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    The Opium Wars

    1839-42 and 1856-60: imperialist powers carved up China into spheres of influence beginning Century of Humiliation; Qing regime held responsible

  • Taiping Rebellion

    Taiping rule from 1850-1864 in Southeast China led by Hong Xiuquan causing resentment between Qing (Manchu) and Taiping.

  • Capital of Nanjing Seized

    Gained back to Qing (Manchu) after Hong Xiuquan's death in 1864

  • The Boxer Rebellion

    1998-1900, Boxer Protocol treaty signed 1901 weakening Qing Dynasty

  • Poor Socio-Economic Conditions

    From 1900-1937:
    - Rural & Urban Poverty
    - Political Fragmentation

  • WuChang Uprising (The Double Tenth Revolution)

    Accidental bombing Oct. 11, causing Oct. 10 attacks on WuChang forts, Oct. 11 uprising in Hanyang, Oct. 12 mutiny of Hankou troops, Oct. 22 new army mutinied in Shaanxi and Hunan provinces Sun Yat-Sen wanted to overthrow Qing, and since 1904 there were radical cells (almost 10,000 members in summer of 1911)

  • Founding of KMT

    3 Principles (nationalism, democracy, people's livelihood), largely merchant class support, relied on warlord reliance as had little military power

  • Abdication of Pu Yi

    Caused collapse of central authority after Imperial Rule (Qing Dynasty) since 1644

  • Death of Yuan Shikai

    Caused localism, landlords, and foreigners
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    Warlord Period

  • May 4th Movement

    1919-1925 anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement

  • Founding of CCP

    Established in Shanghai; intellectuals, revolution and class warfare based on Marxist principles, state control of production, shared property, nationalism (no foreign influence)

  • Death of Sun Yat Sen

    Caused alliance to fall apart in 1927 and for Chiang Kai-Shek to take control of KMT

  • Northern Expedition

    CCP and KMT military campaign to defeat warlords and reunify China

  • Shanghai Spring of 1927

    The KMT and CCP fought against each other

  • The Shanghai Massacre

    At end of Northern Expedition, Chiang (KMT) expells CCP; 'Purification Movement' kills 250,000 communists, trade unionists, and peasant leaders; CCP almost eradicated by end of 1927 and so fled to Jiangxi mountains after Autumn Harvest Rising
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    Chinese Civil War (I)

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    Nanjing Decade (Nationalists in Government)

    • Politics: central power, warlords weakened/allianced, foreign concessions reduced, Whampoa Military Academy
    • Economy: railways/airlines/GDP up 9%, foreign-influenced culture change and westernization (New Life Movement in 1930s)
    • Failures: illusory time, little state control, authoritarian rule and corruption, didn't help peasants; -> in occupation spread too thin, fought CCP more than Japan

  • The Jiangxi Soviet

    1928-1934: included Futien Incident of 1930 where the CCP executed 3,000 believed to have KMT or Li Lisan ties in Jiangxi Red Army
    • CCP had some soviet help, and could move around easily

  • "3 Principles of the People" Manifesto

    Principles of KMT:
    - Nationalism
    - Popular sovereignety
    - People's livelihood

  • Xi'an Incident

    Chiang Kai-Shek kidnapped by own generals because Shek was fighting CCP more than Japan, released Dec. 25 resulting in second CCP-KMT United Front against Japanese (Agreement to Resist Japan and Save the Nation Sept. 1936) during which CCP rebuilt
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    Sino-Japanese War

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    Chinese Civil War (II)

  • Bombing of Shanghai & Nanjing

    Killing 259, KMT blocked Yangzi mouth
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    The People's Republic of China

    • Consolidation of CCP authority (1949-57), anti-movements
    • 1950-53 Korean War

  • Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance

    Sino-Soviet agreement including Soviet spheres of influence in Manchuria and Xinjiang

  • Rectification Campaign

    1950-51: CCP held truth monopoly

  • The Great Leap Forward

    1958-62: industrialize China using Maoism

  • The Cultural Revolution

    1966-76: purge rivals to authority, red guars, censorship

  • Death of Mao Zedong