-
Support for Socialism in
Socialist ideas were more popular than ever
More working-class men had the vote
Working-class men wanted a party that supported their views -
republic of Weimar
A new government took over when the Kaiser abdicated
The Weimar Republic had many problems
Years of unrest
Left and right mean…
Reasons for discontent
Soon there were riots and rebellions -
The creation of Nazi Party
Adolf Hitler was the Nazi leader
The Nazis became popular with several groups -
communist
the Communists led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg tried to take over Berlin in the Spartacist Revolt, but they were defeated by the Freikorps -
Freikorps
of the right-wing Freikorps themselves took part in the Kapp Putsch (Putsch = revolt), led by Wolfgang Kapp, they took over Berlin to form another government. The workers staged a General Strike and Kapp gave up -
Germany couldn't pay the reparations
Hyperinflation had three major results
The Nazis led the Munich Putsch
Stresemann and Recovery
Stresemann wanted international cooperation
Germany had begun to recover
But they still depended on US money -
the French occupation of the Ruhr
This led to fury in Germany, while workers in the Ruhr refused to work: the government started printing money to pay the striking workers: hyperinflation, with 3 major results:
Wages were paid twice a day before prices went up again
The Middle Class lost out as bank saving became worthless
The German Mark became worthless -
Labour party
Labour didn’t get into government -
The SS
The SS, formed in 1925 as a personal force for Hitler and the leading Nazis
The Gestapo were secret police and could arrest anybody without cause -
The general strike
The Samuel Report was fair but nobody liked it
The General Strike began when the subsidy ended
The strikers couldn’t close the country down
Effects of the General Strike
The General Strike didn’t last long
The Strike’s failure was a blow to the unions -
Wall Street Crash
The First World War had drained Britain’s resources
Britain’s staple industries were outdated
Two Britains
Scotland, Wales and the North of England suffered worst
The Midlands and South East of England still did OK -
The Depression hit Germany hard
membership of the Nazi party had risen to nearly 200,000 people thought the Weimar Government couldn’t sort out Germany’s problems -
The political situation changed
-
The rise of the Nazis
The Nazis were like an ‘Army’
The elections of 1930 showed Nazi gains
Germany had no strong government
Hindenburg refused to give the Nazis power -
The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 make the League of Nations look weak
The League of Nations sent Lord Lytton to assess the situation, producing a report which said the Japanese had been wrong, but the League didn’t do anything else to end the crisis -
Nazi popularity
There was no real opposition to the Nazis
Hitler controlled young people’s beliefs
Eight main reasons for Hitler’s popularity -
Hitler comes to Power
The Nazis lost seats in the elections
The Nazis used dirty tricks to win.
Hitler changed the Law to gain control
The night of the long knives -
Hitler solved unemployment in Germany
Hitler started a huge programme of public works, which gave jobs to thousands of people, including the stadium which would hold the 1936 Olympic Games -
Hitler’s foreign policy
Left League of Nations
Began to build up armed forces -
The Dead of Hindenburg
The SA had been destroyed, and a month later, when Hindenburg died, Hitler combined the posts of Chancellor and President, made himself Commander-in-Chief of the Army, and was called Der Führer (the leader) -
The Jews in Nazi Germany
Hitler believed the Germans were a super-race
The Nazis hated the Jews
In 1935 he passed the Nuremberg Laws -
Hitler’s foreign policy
Introduced Conscription
Refused to accept Treaty of Versailles
Anglo-German Naval agreement Germany’s navy is 36% of Britain’s and allowed submarines -
causes of the Second World War
Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland -
Hitler’s foreign policy
Occupation of Rhineland
Rome-Berlin Axis Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan and Italy -
Berlin Olimpic games
-
Germany involved in the Spanish Civil War in
Italy and Germany joined in on the side of the Right-Wing Nationalists, and 1600 people were killed at the town of Gernika by a German warplane attack -
causes of the Second World War
Hitler pressurized Czechoslovakia -
Hitler’s foreign policy
Anschluss with Austria
Occupied Sudetenland -
Kristallnacht The night of the broken glass
was a series of pogroms and blended attacks that occurred in Nazi Germany and Austria during the night of 9 November 10, 1938 and conducted by the assault troops of the SA together with the civilian population, while the German authorities watched without intervene.
Presented by the Nazis responsible as a spontaneous reaction of the people after the murder on November 7, 1938, Ernst vom Rath, secretary of the German embassy in Paris by a young Polish Jew of German origin, Herschel Grynszpan, -
causes of the Second World War
Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia -
causes of the Second World War
The Treaty of Non-Aggression between the Third Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, colloquially known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union by the ministers of Foreign Affairs of Germany and the Soviet Union, Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov respectively. The pact was signed in Moscow on August 23, 1939, nine days before the start of World War II. -
Hitler’s foreign policy
Occupied rest of Czechoslovakia
Pact of Steel with Italy
Treaty with Russia
Invaded Poland Sept