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The British gain control of the cape colony in south Africa from the Dutch
In 1806, the Cape, now nominally controlled by the Batavian Republic, was occupied again by the British after their victory in the Battle of Blaauwberg. The British, who set up a colony on 1806,hoped to keep Napoleon out of the Cape, and to control the Far East trade routes. -
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Opium Wars
Opium Wars, two armed conflicts in China in the mid-19th century between the forces of Western countries and of the Qing dynasty. The first Opium War (1839–42) was fought between China and Britain, and the second Opium War (1856–60), also known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War in China, was fought by Britain and France against China. In each case the foreign powers were victorious and gained commercial privileges and legal and territorial concessions in China. -
Treaty of Nanking
treaty that ended the first Opium War, the first of the unequal treaties between China and foreign imperialist powers. China paid the British an indemnity, ceded the territory of Hong Kong, and agreed to establish a “fair and reasonable” tariff. British merchants were now permitted to trade at five “treaty ports” and with whomever they pleased. -
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Indian Revolt
widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India . Begun in Meerut by Indian troops, sepoys in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow. -
Danish war
A conflict over the settlement of the Schleswig-Holstein, a complex of problems arising from the relationship of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein to Denmark, to each other, and to the German Confederation. Involved in it were a disputed succession, a clash of Danish and German nationalism, and a threat to the international balance of power. -
Austro-Prussian War AKA Seven Weeks War
War between Prussia on the one side and Austria, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and other minor German states on the other. It ended in a Prussian victory, which resulted in the exclusion of Austria from Germany. The issue was decided in Bohemia, where the principal Prussian armies met the main Austrian forces and the Saxon army, most decisively at the Battle of Königgrätz. -
Suez Canal opens
The Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean and the Red seas opens. When it opened, the Suez Canal was only 25 feet deep, 72 feet wide at the bottom, and 200 to 300 feet wide at the surface. Consequently, fewer than 500 ships navigated it in its first full year of operation. Construction began in April 1859, and at first digging was done by hand with picks and shovels wielded by forced laborers. Later, European workers with dredgers and steam shovels arrived. -
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Franco-Prussian War
War in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The war marked the end of French hegemony in Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany. -
Otto Van Bsimark becomes Chancellor of prussia
the new constitution was a revision of the Prussian constitution from 1867; it had the position of chancellor, which was designed with Bismarck specifically in mind to take that place. Bismarck also remained prime minister of Prussia until 1890. -
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great britain occupie egypt
it was occupied by British forces during the Anglo-Egyptian War, until 1956, when the last British forces withdrew in accordance with the Anglo-Egyptian agreement of 1954 after the Suez Crisis. the British occupation had no legal basis but constituted a de facto protectorate over the country. This state of affairs lasted until the Ottoman Empire joined the First World War on the side of the Central Powers in November 1914 and Britain unilaterally declared a protectorate over Egypt. -
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beginning of the scramble for africa
The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonization and trade in Africa, is usually referred to as the ultimate point of the scramble for Africa. splitting up of Africa was how the Europeans avoided warring among themselves over Africa. The later years of the 19th century saw the transition from "informal imperialism" by military influence and economic dominance, to direct rule, bringing about colonial imperialism. -
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Berlin Conference
Berlin Conference, a series of negotiations at Berlin, in which the major European nations met to decide all questions connected with the Congo River basin in Central Africa. the Conference of Berlin declared the Congo River basin to be neutral, guaranteed freedom for trade and shipping for all states in the basin; forbade slave trading—thereby making possible the founding of the independent Congo Free State, to which Great Britain, France, and Germany had already agreed in principle. -
France gain control of Indochina
French Indochina, officially known as the Indochinese Union after 1887 and the Indochinese Federation after 1947, was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia. A grouping of the three Vietnamese regions of Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina with Cambodia was formed in 1887. -
Convention of Constantinople
Convention between Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Russia and turkey, respecting the free navigation of the Suez maritime canal signed at Constantinople -
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France occupied Djibouti
In 1894, Léonce Lagarde established a permanent French administration in the city of Djibouti and named the region French Somaliland. It lasted from 1896 until 1967, when it was renamed the Territoire Français des Afars et des Issas. On 27 June 1977, Djibouti gained independence from France. it was the last of France’s colonies in Africa. The country changed its name to Djibouti, after its biggest city, and it became known as the Republic of Djibouti. -
battle of adwa
military clash at Adwa, in north-central Ethiopia, between the Ethiopian army of Emperor Menilek II and Italian forces. The victory had further significance for being the first crushing defeat of a European power by African forces during the colonial era. -
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Boxer Rebellion
“Boxers” aka the Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”) led a rebellion, officially supported peasant uprising of 1900 that attempted to drive all foreigners from China. they had fomented rebellions against the Qing dynasty in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Their original aim was the destruction of the dynasty and also of the Westerners who had a privileged position in China. -
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Russo-Japanese War
military conflict in Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East. This shook the world because of how powerful Japan has become and how Russia is one of the most formidable foes in the world. President Theodore Roosevelt of the United States served as mediator at the peace conference. In the resulting Treaty of Portsmouth, Japan gained control of the Liaodong Peninsula (and Port Arthur) and the South Manchurian Railway, as well as half of Sakhalin Island -
Meiji Emperor died
Meiji Tennō, whose reign Japan was dramatically transformed from a feudal country into one of the great powers of the modern world, died in 1912 from Uremia.