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- important trades stop and religious center of Arabia
- people settled because of the fresh water well
- population was very diverse
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- majority of the first inhabitants were Bedouins
- valued camels and swords above other tings
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- powerful local tribes
- encouraged tribes to idols in the Kaaba and protected them for a free.
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- born into Hashim family of the powerful Quraysh Tribe
- His mother died when he was six
- raised by his uncle
- as a young man, he worked for a wealthy widow
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- Second only to Muhammad
- Was the dearest friend and trusted advisor
- Muhammad married Abu Bakr's sister
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- He conquered neighboring countries
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- Married a wealthy widow who he worked for when he was 25 years old
- When he was married, he continued to prosper as a merchant
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- When he was 40 he suspected there was something wrong with the way people in Mecca lived
- Retreated to the mountains because he was disturbed of what he knew
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- Told the people that Allah was the only god that people should worship
- He told them that neither Jews or Christians should be convert
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- Established the first Islamic state
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- Muhammad
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- His message had spread and his power had still
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- Mesopotamia
- Syria
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- Historians refer to Abu's military campaigns in 633 against ex-muslims
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- Brilliant Organizer
- Respected through his fairness
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- Muslims disagreed that he should be a caliph
- Murdered in 656
- Muslims disagreed that he should be a caliph
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- Early converted to Islam
- Standarized the Qu-ran
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- Iran
- North Africa
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- Spain
- North Africa
- Parts of central Asia
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- Fell to rebels in 750
- Made it bigger, making it more vunerable