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Chicago Black Sox Scandal 1919
8 players of the Chicago White Sox were banned from baseball for life follwing allegations of fixing the World Series in 1919 against the Cincinnati Reds. The 8 players were: Eddie Cicotte, Arnold Gandil, Claude Williams, Oscar Felsch, Charles Risberg, George Weaver, Joseph Jackson, and Fred McMullin.
The confessions of the players were recanted a year later. -
Kenesaw Landis Statement Following Black Sox Scandal
"No player that throws a ball game, no player that entertains proposals or promises to throw a game, no player that sits in a conference with a bunch of crooked players and gamblers where the ways and means of throwing games are discussed, and does not promptly tell his club about it, will ever play professional baseball" (Baseball Almanac, 2012). -
The Wire Communications Act of 1961
Known as the Wire Act, it prohibits the use of wire communications by persons or organizations engaged in the business of wagers, to send bets, wagers, or information that assists in the placing of bets or wagers.
It doesn't penalize the individual bettor.
It prosecutes the internet gambling operators.
(Cotten & Wolohan, 2010) -
The Interstate and Foreign Travel or Transportation in Aid of Racketeering Enterprising Act of 1961
Known as the Travel Act, it prosecutes the party that travels in interstate commerce to distribute the revenue of unlawful activity, commit a crime of violence to spread unlawful activity or promote, manage, establish, or assist an unlawful activity (Cotten & Wolohan, 2010).
Unlawful activity as it relates to gambling could be in the form of a bookie. -
The Bribery in Sporting Contests Act of 1979
This act made bribery or any attempt to bribe an individual to have an influence on the outcome of a sporting contest a crime. -
Peter E. Rose v. Bartlett Giamatti, et al
Facts: Allegations of Pete Rose placing wagers on MLB games.
Issues: Giamatti to send case to federal court referring to diversity jurisdiction-does the federal court have jurisdiction over the dispute?
Holding: Court held that the action could be removed to federal court.
Reasoning: Court held that Rose and Giamatti were the parties in interest; Cincinnati Reds and MLB are nominal parties.
Impact: Rose banned for life, able to apply for reinstatement, and Rose not forced to admit nor deny bets -
The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992
Known as the Bradley Bill, it prohibits the expansion of state-sanctioned, authorized, or licensed gambling on amateur and professional sporting events in the United States (Cotten and Wolohan, 2010). -
Growth of Internet Gambling
There were only 2 websites that contained internet betting (1996).
Internet gambling bursts from 2 websites to 1,800 websites
Conservative estimates place the amount of money gambled annually over the internet at $10 billion (Cotten & Wolohan, 2010). -
USA v. Timothy Donaghy v. James Battista and Thomas Martino
Facts: Defendants pled guilty to the collaboration for placed wagers on NBA games-1 defendant was an NBA referee.
Issues: Were the defendants responsible for restitution to the NBA under the Victim and Witness Protection Act (1982)?
Holding: Defendants are to pay restitution in the amount of $217,266.94 to the NBA.
Reasoning: Defendants pled guilty to conspiring with each other in the furtherance of the conspiracy.
Impact: NBA receives restitution, NBA looks bad because of scandal involving ref.
