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Period: to
Frontier Conflict
Conflicts were fought between Indigenous Australians and mainly British settlers that spanned a total of 146 years. The first fighting took place several months after the landing of the First Fleet in January 1788 and the last clashes occurred as late as 1934. The most common estimates of fatalities in the fighting are at least 20,000 Indigenous Australians and between 2,000 and 2,500 Europeans. -
Frontier Conflict
Conflicts were fought between Indigenous Australians and mainly British settlers that spanned a total of 146 years. The first fighting took place several months after the landing of the First Fleet in January 1788 and the last clashes occurred as late as 1934. The most common estimates of fatalities in the fighting are at least 20,000 Indigenous Australians and between 2,000 and 2,500 Europeans. -
New Australian Colonies
The British government were afraid other countries might colonise other parts of Australia. They set up British settlements and established borders of the Australian colonies. These were later changed to become the states that make up Australia. -
Caroline Chisholm
Known as 'the emigrant's friend'. She earned this title for her work with poor migrants to Australia last century. She believed that all women deserved respect whatever their background. -
John and Elizabeth Macarthur
Pioneered the growing of fine wool from Merino sheep to export and trade. By 1890 there were 100 million sheep in Australia. -
Gold Rush
The Gold rush led to a huge increase in population. Over 20 years Australia's population tripled to 1.7 million people. The first gold was discovered near Bathurst, NSW. -
First Steam Railway
The first lines were short. Gradually, railways lines began to criss-cross the continent, linking lands, wool depots and mines. -
Eureka Stockade
The Eureka Stockade was a civil revolt in 1854 in Victoria, Australia by gold miners against the officials supervising the gold-mining regions of Ballarat. -
Inland Exploration
The Government of South Australia offered a prize to the first expedition to cross the Australian continent from south to north. Policeman, Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills led an expedition of 13 men, 27 camels and 23 horses which left from Royal Park, Melbourne on 20 August 1860. -
Rise of the Bushranger
Australian convicts knew that the penalty for escaping was death. This did not prevent many of them from becoming outlaws, living off the stock and provisions they could steal from others. Some committed serious crimes, even murder, to avoid being recaptured. Ned Kelly was Australia's most infamous bushranger.
