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Started with what is known as Bloody Sunday; 150k workers peacefully marched to protest economic grievances in St. Petersburg, in which Tsar Nicholas II responded with violence. On October 6, 1905, Count Witte developed the October Manifesto which outlined a list of reforms in response. -
Russia mobilized its forces to prevent the same humiliation from the Bosnian Crisis from occurring and to act upon a possible Austrian invasion of Serbia in order to maintain power and prestige. -
Tsar Nicholas II decides to take up the position of commander-in-chief of the Russian army and Navy and travel to the front line which leads to the Tsarina rule. -
Lasted until August 10, 1916. Led by General Aleksey Brusilov and was significant because it showed Russia’s capability as it defeated Austro-Hungarian forces, rendering an impossible recovery for them. On the other hand, the Russian price of this was heavy due to Russia’s lack of resources and the amount of casualties for Russia. This map shows how the Russian offensive on Austria-Hungary worked geographically with the forces and their movements. -
Vladimir Purishkevich, Prince Yusopov, and Dmitri Pavlovich murdered Rasputin in order to end his threatening influence over Tsarina and the empire. -
The Bolsheviks became the communist party of the Soviet Union -
Groups of sailors whom thought that the Bolshevik rule was unfair and whom decided to rebel against them from march 7th, 1917 to march 17, 1917 but however lost. This led to the N.E.P which made laws a tad fairer and favorable to the working class -
Militant women marched through Petrograd to show their solidarity on Int. Women’s day (February 23 in the old Russian calendar) and were joined by many other students, male employees, and women from bread queues. These demonstrations continued for days, and Tsar Nicholas II sent troops to shoot into the crowds who instead began to mutiny. -
A group of Duma representatives arrived at Pskov to describe to Nicholas II the chaos and bloodshed of the February 1917 Revolution and results in him abdicating the throne. -
Government that consisted of those who formerly favored the idea of constitutional monarchy (liberals, moderate socialists, etc) which soldiers, peasants, and workers thought was undemocratic and untrustworthy and held more faith towards the Petrograd Soviet. -
Called for the global socialist revolution and the abandonment of the provisional government and called for peasant land reforms while pulling out of WW1. Protested "Bread, Peace, Land", popular amongst the people because they were going to get rid of the provisional government also brought peace to Russia. The image is symbolic of how Lenin simplified everything to these three words which gained mass popularity from Russians. -
Lenin returned to Russia in Petrograd for the Russian revolution. This photo is symbolic of his return and gave a speech in which he vowed that the people needed peace, bread, and land, and persuading his followers that the provisional government is not giving them what they want. -
Lasted until July 7, 1917 - National Conference of the Soviets, which was dominated by Mensheviks and SRs, also rejected anything from Bolsheviks. Continuity of Provisional Government and rejection of stopping the war, although popular opinion was against the war. Photo represents what the conference looked like during these talks. -
Lasting till July 20, 1917, an uprise with 500,000 workers/sailors occurred in Kronstadt demanding an end to provisional government sending troops to dismantle rebellion. This picture represents the period of unrest in Russia during the July Days, showing the unreliability of the Provisional Government and the people’s severe disliking of it. -
Lasted September 13, 1917. Revolt led by Lavr Kornilov to overthrow the Provisional government. Kerensky requested help from bolsheviks and Kornilov did not reach Petrograd due to bolsheviks, mutines, and sabotaged railways. The Kornilov Affair showed how weak the Russian military was and the lack of loyal supporters. Mensheviks and SR’s were seen as incompetent and Kadets were distrusted. A significant result of this event was that the Bolsheviks were seen as saviors and were armed. -
Lasted November 7/8 where Trotsky played a key role in the organization of the Red Army, leading to the overthrow of the Provisional Government. During the revolt in Petrograd, he distributed weapons to the Red Guards, leading to the capture of important property belonging to the government, communications, and other important points. The sign says “Long live the Council of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies!” showing the immense support behind the removal of the Provisional Government. -
Coup d’etat by Bolsheviks in which they seized power. The assault on Winter Palace was met with barely any resistance and transfer of power to Bolsheviks was easy. This picture was taken after the coup d’etat, signifying victory as the dual power arrangement was abolished. -
The Cheka was the Bolsheviks' secret police and they dealt with identifying and dealing with potential counter-revolutionaries -
Was the political and economic system meant to keep the Red Army supplied with food and weapons through the expropriation of private businesses and nationalization of industry. -
Bolsheviks had 2 types of control in wartime communism, political and economical. Political required all employees to be working for the government, not owned individually. Imposed the secret police and rations for different rankings leading to famine. With economics there was increased weapon production and taking peasant payments during the war -
The Constituent Assembly was disbanded in 1918 and was a democratically elected constituent created in order to make a Russian constitution. -
The treaty signed by the Ukrainian Republic on February 9 1918 ensured that Russia recognized Ukraine, Georgia, and Finland's independence and gave up Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia to Germany and Austria-Hungary. Also gave Kars, Ardahan, and Batum to Turkey. -
A campaign of political and brutal repression and executions made by the Bolsheviks against their class enemies. -
The Whites were more destructive than both the Greens and the Reds so the Whites attacked the Reds in an attempt to win the war and throw off the Reds’ unity. The attacks continued till October 1919. -
Stalin refused to help out Warsaw because he wanted to impose a communist state, they bombed it to make Poland surrender and didvided it into ‘ Spheres of influence into German and soviet -
Poles invaded Kiev due to a trade agreement and saw the expansions of their capitals -
Opposition movement from 1920- 1921 due unsatisfactory with Bolshevik rule, some reasons would be the use of War Communism during the russian civil war and shortage of food during that time -
Before lenin died he wanted to put some policies in place, he wanted Stalin to not have any more power however and tried to enforce a little democracy however it didn't work due to lack of support from the Committee and Stalin soon gained control -
Treaty of rapallo ensured that Germany and Soviet Unions agreed to cancel all financial claims against each other on april 26th, 1922 -
December 30, 1922: After the Russian revolution in 1917, due to this revolution a new ideology had formed known as the soviet union, other countries joined Russia including Ukraine, Berlruissia and Gerogian and was formed mainly to ensure a longer Bolshevik rule over the people