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Conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days. Mehmed surrounded Constantinople from land and sea while employing cannon to maintain a constant barrage of the city’s formidable walls. -
ohannes Gutenberg is known for having designed and built the first known mechanized printing press in Europe. In 1455 he used it to print the Gutenberg Bible, which is one of the earliest books in the world to be printed from movable type. -
Isabel of Castilla and Fernando of Aragon were known as the Catholic Kings, a title given to them by a Pope of Valencian origin called Rodrigo de Borja or Alexander VI. The reign of the Catholic Kings would mean the transition from the middle ages to modern times. Through their marriage, two crowns were united within the Trastamara dynasty, namely those of Castilla and Aragon, giving way to the Hispanica monarchy. Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g88lO1SLYJ0 -
On April 17, 1492 the Capitulations of Santa Fe (Granada) were signed. Due to this fact, Columbus is appointed admiral, viceroy and governor of the lands he discovers. The Columbian Project launches on August 3rd, 1492 from Palos de la Frontera port (Huelva) and reaches American land (Guanahani from the Antilles) on October 12. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHlfzBNnhqI -
The Treaty of Tordesillas was a 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide up the world along an imaginary line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. -
Michelangelo achieved fame early; two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before the age of thirty. Although he did not consider himself a painter, Michelangelo created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and The Last Judgment on its altar wall. -
Leonardo da Vinci was a Florentine polymath of the Italian Renaissance. He was a painter, anatomist, architect, palaeontologist, botanist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet and town planner, and his most famous and well-known work is undoubtedly La Gioconda, also known as the Mona Lisa. -
Joan was the third child of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile and became heiress in 1500 on the death of her brother and elder sister. She had married Philip of Burgundy, son of the emperor Maximilian, as part of Ferdinand’s policy of securing allies against France.Her mental imbalance showed itself in 1502 in the form of extravagant, though justified, jealousy of the unfaithful Philip.
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Charles was the son of Philip I the Handsome, king of Castile, and Joan the Mad.In 1515 Charles came of age as duke of Burgundy and assumed rule over the Netherlands. His scope of activities soon widened. On January 23, 1516, Ferdinand II died. As a result, the problem of the succession in Spain became acute, since by the terms of Ferdinand’s will, Charles was to govern in Aragon and Castile together with his mother.
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Martin Luther's Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum of 1517, commonly known as the Ninety-Five Theses, is considered the central document of the Protestant Reformation. Its complete title reads: "Out of love and zeal for clarifying the truth, these items written below will be debated at Wittenberg. -
In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome. -
was a French theologian and philosopher, considered to be one of the authors and managers of the Protestant Reformation. The fundamental doctrines of later reformers would be identified with him, calling these doctrines "Calvinism". -
The Council of Trent was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held in discontinuous periods during twenty-five sessions between 1545 and 1563. It took place in Trent, a city in the north of present-day Italy, which was then a free imperial city ruled by a prince-bishop.
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The son of Emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal, Philip inherited his father's Spanish Empire in 1556 and succeeded to the Portuguese throne in 1580 following a dynastic crisis. The Spanish conquests of the Inca Empire and of the Philippines, named in his honor by Ruy López de Villalobos, were completed during his reign. Under Philip II, Spain reached the height of its influence and power, sometimes called the Spanish Golden Age
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For many, the decline of Spain can be dated to the economic difficulties that set in during the early years of his reign. Nonetheless, as the ruler of the Spanish Empire at its height and as the king who achieved a temporary peace with the Dutch (1609–1621) and brought Spain into the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) through an (initially) extremely successful campaign, Philip's reign remains a critical period in Spanish history.
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Felipe IV firmó el Tratado de los Pirineos en 1659 con el fin de concentrar todos los recursos de la monarquía hispánica en la reconquista del reino rebelde: a partir de esta fecha, España estaba finalmente en paz con Francia, Inglaterra y los Países Bajos (Cataluña y el reino de Nápoles también ya habían sido ...
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Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, conocido como Diego Velázquez, fue un pintor barroco español considerado uno de los máximos exponentes de la pintura española y maestro de la pintura universal.Las Meninas es la obra cumbre de Velázquez. Se trata del retrato de la Familia Real escenificado en el taller del propio pintor. -
For reasons that are still debated, Charles experienced extended periods of ill health throughout his life and from the moment he became king at the age of three in 1665, the succession was a prominent consideration in European politics.
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War of the Spanish Succession, (1701–14), conflict that arose out of the disputed succession to the throne of Spain following the death of the childless Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. The war was primarily a struggle to determine whether the vast possessions of the Spanish Empire should pass to the House of Bourbon or to the House of Habsburg, both of which had dynastic claims, or whether they should be partitioned to preserve the balance of power in Europe.
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The French Revolution was a watershed event in world history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens radically altered their political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as the monarchy and the feudal system.