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Emperor Charlemagne, a Frankish ruler of France and Germany who united much of Western and Central Europe. He was crowned Roman emperor by Pope Leo III, beginning the Holy Roman Empire, in modern day Germany.
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The Frankish empire falls apart, and Germany emerges as a separate kingdom.
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The Magyars from Hungary overrun and conquer Austria
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German king Otto I defeats the Magyars, and Austria comes under German rule
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German King Otto I, traditionally known as Otto the Great, was crowned Roman emperor after gaining control of northern Italy. Otto the Great is recognized as the father of German culture, he also brought the church under his control.
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The death of Emperor Frederick II Hohenstaufen marks the 'virtual' end of the Holy Roman Empire. The empire collapsed into independent princely, regional territories.
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The First Swiss confederation was formed between rural communities in Switzerland near the Alps
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Switzerland was an important trade route for traders who seeked to commerce between Asia and Northern Europe, and trade gradually became more popular
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Albert I was the Duke of Austria, and later became the King of Germany, his bloodline began the royal dynasty and house of Habsburg based in Austria. The house of Habsburg is considered one of the most influential and distinguished royal family in Europe, namely in the middle ages.
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The Swabian Wars led to Switzerland's independence from the German empire. The first parliament was formed in Switzerland, which consisted of representatives who met to consult and vote on political issues.
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Martin Luther, a German theologian, disputed against traditional practices and views of the Catholic church, through his ideas he gave birth to the Protestant Reformation. Moreover, this sparked the split of Protestants from Catholic Church.
