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A plebian named Tiberius elected a tribune on the state to distribute land to poor farmers.
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As the porblems in Rome began to increase and were unable to be solved peacefully, Rome fell into a series of Cicil wars. Some problems included who sould hold power, the senate or popular political leaders? Other problems included slave uprisings at home and revolt amongst Rome's allies.
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Gaius elected a tribune 10 years later. The tribune sought a wider range of reforms including the use of public funds to buy grain to feed the poor.
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Rome fought their nearby neighbors, the Italians. This can be thought as the beginning of the fall of the Roman Republic. Even though the Roman Republic won, there was no change in land.
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Julius Caesar was an ambitious military commander. For this period of time, Caesar and another General, Pompey, dominated Roman politics. During 58 B.C, Caesar set out with his army to make new conquests.
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During 49 B.C, Caesar set out to conquest Gaul-the area that is now France and Belgium. Pompey and the senate soon got worried of Caesar's rising fame/influence and ordered that Caesar disband his army and return to Rome. Julius refused and thus created a civil war.
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By the time 45 B.C. roles around, Caesar has conquered many territories along the Mediterranean and developed the "I came, I saw, I conquered" announcement. Julius Caesar eventually defeats Pompey and forces the senate to pronounce him as Dictator of Rome.
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Caesar tried to make a number of reforms to improve Rome's numerous problems. For instance he launched the public works program which helped employ the jobless and gave public land to the poor. He also granted Roman citizenship to more people, reorganized the government of the provinces, and introduced a new claender (the Julian Calender) based on the Egyptian Calender.
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Caesar's enemies bagan to worry that he planned to make himself King and make Rome a Monarchy. In order to save the Republic they plotted to kill him. In March, as Caesar entered the senate, his enemies stabbed him to death. Julius Caesar was assassinated by Gaius Cassius, Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus, and Marcus Junius Brutus.
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The death of Julius Caesar led Rome to another round of civil wars. Mark Antony (Caesar's chief General) and Octavian (Caesar's grandnephew) soon began to fight for power of Rome. Ocatavian finally defeated Antony and his strong ally, Queen Cleopatra of Egypt. Ocatvian was then titled, Augustus (Exalted One) by the senate and assumed power of Rome. Under Augustus, the Republic of Rome would turn into an Empire.
