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Rome was founded by Romulus. It began as a small impoverished city-state on the western side of central Italy to which it is to so weak that according to a legend, Roman were reduced to kidnapping neighboring women to maintain its population.
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Roman aristocrats threw off the monarchy and established a democracy republic that relied on men of the wealthy class known as patricians. There was constitutions with laws and complex republican government structure.
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Hannibal invades Italy by leading the Carthage army to attack Italy. This becomes part of the Second Punic War.
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Julius Caesar becomes the supreme ruler of Rome after defeating Pompey in the civil war. This marks the end of the Roman Republic.
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Julius Caesar was assassinated. A civil war broke out as the result
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After the civil war ended in Rome, it changed to from Republican states to a state who has authority vested primarily in an emperor, (first of whom was Octavian/Augustus)which implied a divine status. Despite Rome becoming an imperial state, it felt that Rome had abandoned and betrayed its republic origin. As the result, Augustus was careful to maintain its form as a republic and refers to himself as “first man” rather a king.
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A period of peace and minimal military expansion in the Roman Empire
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Unofficial persecution of Christians in Rome.
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Constatine became emperor and would convert Christian ultimately transforming Rome into a Christian empire.
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Christianity became the sole religion of the Roman Empire in 380 AD.
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Multiple waves of Germanic barbarian tribes swept through the Roman Empire and took turns ravaging the empire along with environmental causes.
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The Byzantine Empire fell and the Ottoman Empire took over.