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Etruscans reached northern Italy
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This is how the Roman Republic began and ended and the start and end of an empire to read more go to http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his101/web/t-roman.htm ro read more (some of the information is used in the time line)
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Etruscans reached northern Italy. Greeks established colonies throughout southern Italy. Phoenicians established Carthage on the north coast of Africa. The village of Rome founded. Rome was a province of Etruria. Romans revolted against the Etruscan kings and created the system of government by the Senate and the Assembly
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village of Rome founded
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Romans revolted against the Etruscan kings and created the system of government by the Senate and the Assembly
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first disputes between patricians (wealthy landowners who controlled the Senate) and plebeians (ordinary citizens). "Law of the 12 Tables" provides written Roman law. Gaulic invasion sacked Rome. War with Pyrrhus. Rome completed the occupation of the Italian peninsula
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War with Pyrrhus
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Rome completed the occupation of the Italian peninsula
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First war with Carthage (First Punic War)
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First war with Carthage (First Punic War). Conquest of Sardinia. First Illyrian War (Balkans). Second Illyrian War. Second Punic War (Hannibal crossed the Alps). First Macedonian War. Second Macedonian War. Gaul invasion of northern Italy. Syrian War. Third Macedonian War. Fourth (and final) Macedonian War. Third Punic War and final defeat of Carthage
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Third Punic War and final defeat of Carthage
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First Servile War. Tiberius, the first senator to advocate land reform, was assassinated by land-owners. Sulla became the first Roman general to seize power. Civil war in Rome. Julius Caesar appointed governor of Gaul. Cleopatra lived at Julius Caesar's estate in Rome. Julius Caesar defeated Pompey and became the first dictator of Rome. Julius Caesar assassinated on orders of the Senate. First Roman governor of Egypt. Octavian became Caesar Augustus, the first emperor
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Caesar Octavian defeated the combined forces of Cleopatra and Marc Antony in the naval battle of Actium (near Greece)
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Octavian became Caesar Augustus, the first emperor
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Tiberius, stepson of Caesar Augustus, became emperor. Crucifixion of Jesus; origin of Christianity. General Vespasian expelled Nero, the last of Caesar Augustus' descendants, and started a new imperial family. Expulsion of Jews from Palestine. Roman army crossed the Rhine River to attack the Germans. Some Roman businessmen were Christian. Jewish rebellion sparked when Romans placed a colony and temple in Jerusalem. German invasions force Romans to yield territory.
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origin of Christianity
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Tiberius, stepson of Caesar Augustus, became emperor
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Numerous emperors killed by revolts and assassinations
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German invasions force Romans to yield territory
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Emperor Diocletian divided the empire and moved his capital to Byzantium (in Anatolia, later Constantinople)
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Constantine became the first Christian emperor
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Constantine became the first Christian emperor. Constantine legalized Christianity in the Roman world. Constantine reunited the empire. Council of Niceae solidifies Christian doctrine. Constantine inaugurated the new capital of Constantinople
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Constantine inaugurated the new capital of Constantinople
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At the battle of Adrianople in the Balkans the Visigoths defeated the Romans. During the reign of Emperor Theodosius barbarians were permitted to settle on Roman territory in the Balkans. British legionnaires supported Magnus Maximus. Frankish leaders killed the Emperor Valentinian. The Vandals sacked Rome. For the first time a barbarian Romulus Augustus was named Western Emperor. Italy incorporated into the barbarian Kingdom of the Ostrogoths.
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Constantine's three sons fought to control the empire until Constantius won.
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Frankish leaders killed the Western Emperor Valentinian II, and were in turn defeated by Theodosius' forces at the Battle of Frigid River, reuniting the Roman Empire again
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The Visigoths, led by Alaric, sacked Rome
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The Vandals, led by Gaiseric, sacked Rome
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For the first time, a barbarian, Romulus Augustus, was named Western Emperor by barbarian generals
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Italy incorporated into the barbarian Kingdom of the Ostrogoths
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Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian reconquered Italy. Foundation of Islam by Mohammed in Mecca. Constantinople conquered by Ottoman Muslims.