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This skirmish marked the start of the Texas Revolution. Texian settlers resisted Mexican forces who came to reclaim a small cannon, famously responding with a flag that read “Come and Take It.” (Texas Revolution, DPLA)
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Delegates at Washington-on-the-Brazos declared independence from Mexico, citing grievances like military occupation and lack of civil rights.
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After a 13-day siege, Mexican forces overran the Alamo, killing nearly all defenders. The loss became a rallying cry: “Remember the Alamo!” -
Over 300 Texian prisoners under Colonel Fannin were executed by order of Santa Anna. The massacre shocked Texans and fueled anger against Mexico.
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General Sam Houston led Texan forces to a surprise victory over Santa Anna’s army in 18 minutes. Santa Anna was captured the next day.
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Santa Anna signed peace treaties after his capture, agreeing to end hostilities and recognize Texas independence, though Mexico later rejected them.
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Sam Houston, a war hero and former Tennessee governor, became the first elected president of the Republic of Texas. -
Mirabeau B. Lamar succeeded Houston and moved the capital to Austin. He opposed annexation and advocated military action against Native Americans.
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Anson Jones took office as the last president of the Republic. He oversaw negotiations that led to U.S. annexation.
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Texas officially became the 28th state of the United States. Many in Texas welcomed annexation for protection and economic growth.