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1096
The first Crusade
The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to the appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. https://worldhistoryproject.org/1095/first-crusade-is-launched -
Period: 1096 to 1291
The Crusades
The crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. Their was a civilization called the Byzantine Empire which is where the Constinople is apart of. -
1147
The second crusade
The second Crusade was a military campaign organized by the Pope and European nobles to recapture the city of Edessa in Mesoptamia. Both secondary campaigns were largely successful but the main objective was to free the Latin East from the threat of Muslim occupation. https://www.worldhistory.org/Second_Crusade/ -
1189
The Third crusade
The news of the fall of Jerusalem reached Europe even before the arrival there of Archbishop Josius of Tyre, whom the Crusaders had sent with urgent appeals for aid. -
1291
The fall of Acre
The siege of Acre, also called the Fall of Acre, took place in 1291 and resulted in the Crusaders losing control of Acre to the Mamluks. It is considered one of the most important battles of the period even though the crusading movement continued for several centuries. -
1347
Bubonic Plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis). Symptoms include headaches, a fever, and vomiting. The plague is mostly spread from infected fleas from small animals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubonic_plague -
Period: 1347 to 1353
The Black Death
The Black Death was an Era when the bubonic plague disease outbreak happened. The black death was caused by a bacteria called Yersinia Pestis. Millions of people have died from the plague and Scientists still wonder what pathogen caused this deadly outbreak. Also a lot of people during this Era had false believes. -
1348
The Black Death reaches London
As the devastation grows, Londoners flee to the countryside to find food. Edward blames the plague on garbage and human excrement piled up in London streets and in the Thames River. -
1349
Erfurt Massacure
The Erfurt massacre was a school shooting that occurred on 26 April 2002 at the Gutenberg-Gymnasium. Robert Steinhäuser shot and killed 16 people, including 13 staff members, two students and one police officer before committing suicide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt_school_massacre -
1353
Plague reaches Moscow
When the plague reached Moscow it was the last largescale outbreak of plague in central Russia. Claiming between 52,000 and 100,000 lives in Moscow alone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1770%E2%80%931772_Russian_plague#:~:text=The%20Russian%20plague%20epidemic%20of,%2F3%20of%20its%20population). -
Period: 1400 to 1495
Early Renaissance
During the middle ages, a period that took place between the fall of ancient Rome in 476 A.D. and the beginning of the 14 century. Europeans made few advances in science and art. Also known as a time of war, ignorance, famine, and pandemics such as the Black death. -
1419
Prince Henry the navigator
Prince Henry the navigator was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion. Through his administrative direction, he is regarded as the main initiator of what would be known as the Age of Discovery, Henry is also known as an architect of the Atlantic slave trade. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Henry_the_Navigator -
1439
Gutenberg invents the Printing Press
Gutenberg was a German craftsman and inventor who originated a method of printing from movable type. Elements of his invention are thought to have included a metal alloy that could melt readily and cool quickly to form durable reusable type. None of these features existed in the European technique used up to that time
for stamping letters on various surfaces or in woodblock printing. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Gutenberg -
1454
Gutenberg Bible is published
Gutenberg's bible is probably the most famous bible in the world. Gutenberg’s invention allowed the mass production of books for the first time and changed the world. Before Gutenberg, every book had to be copied by hand. Now it was possible to speed up the process without sacrificing quality. https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/gutenberg-bible#:~:text=The%20Gutenberg%20Bible%20was%20printed,vellum%20and%2036%20on%20paper. -
1478
the Spanish Inquistion
The "Spanish Inquisition" may be defined broadly as operating in Spain and in all Spanish colonies and territories, which included the Canary Islands. According to modern estimates, around 150,000 people were prosecuted for various offences during the three-century duration of the Spanish Inquisition, of whom between 3,000 and 5,000 were executed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition -
1492
Christopher Columbus
His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Largely self-educated, Columbus was widely read in geography, astronomy, and history, he developed a plan to seek a western sea passage to the East Indies, hoping to profit from the lucrative spice trade. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus -
1492
Columbus reached the Bahamas
After sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus sights a Bahamian island on October 12,1492, believing he has reached East Asia. His expedition went ashore the same day and claimed the land for Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain, who sponsored his attempt to find a western ocean route to China, India, and the fabled gold and spice islands of Asia. -
1495
Da Vinci paints" The Last Supper"
Last Supper, Italian Cenacolo, one of the most famous artworks in the world, painted by Leonardo da Vinci for the Dominican monastery Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. It depicts the dramatic scene described in several closely connected moments in the Gospels, including Matthew 26:21–28, in which Jesus declares that one of the Apostles will betray him and later institutes the Eucharist. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Last-Supper-fresco-by-Leonardo-da-Vinci -
Period: 1495 to 1527
High Renaissance
The high renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states. The best known exponents of painting, sculpture, and architecture of the high renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante. -
Period: 1500 to
Age of Exploration
The age of discovery or the age of exploration, was a period largely overlapping with the age of sail, approximately from the 15th to the 17th century. The extensive overseas exploration , with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Discovery -
1508
Michelangelo paints "Sistine Chapel"
he Sistine Chapel is one of the most famous painted interior spaces in the world, and virtually all of this fame comes from the breathtaking painting of its ceiling. The chapel was built in 1479 under the direction of Pope Sixtus IV, who gave it his name. The location of the building is very close to St. Peter’s Basilica and the Belvedere Courtyard in the Vatican. http://www.italianrenaissance.org/a-closer-look-michelangelos-painting-of-the-sistine-chapel-ceiling/ -
1513
Machiavelli publishes "The Prince"
Machiavelli was a Italian Renaissance political philosopher and statesman, secretary of the Florentine republic, whose most famous work, The Prince, brought him a reputation as an atheist and an immoral cynic. -
1517
Luther's ninety-five theses
Luther nailed the 95 theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. Luther’s 95 Theses were published, printed, and disseminated into Europe, and the publication ignited a religious fervor that exploded across Germany and beyond. https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/trevin-wax/top-ten-moments-in-reformation-history/ -
Period: 1517 to 1555
The Reformation
The Reformation or Protestant Reformation was a major movement within Western Christianity in the 16th century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in particular to Papal authority. Prior to Martin Luther, there were many earlier reform movements. Although the Reformation is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety- five theses by martin Luther in 1517. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation -
1519
Hernan Cortes
Conquered the rich Aztec Empire in Mexico. When Hernan was young he went to study at Salamanca, in west- central Spain. When Cortes finally sailed for the coast of Yucatan on February 18,1519. In march 1519 he landed at Tabasco, where he stayed for some time in order to gain intelligence from the local Indians. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hernan-Cortes -
1520
Martin Luther's three treaties
Martin Luther’s three treatises to the German people in 1520 (Appeal to the German Nobility, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and The Freedom of the Christian) served as a fervent call to reformation of the church, influencing the Protestant movement in Germany and beyond for years to come. https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/trevin-wax/top-ten-moments-in-reformation-history/ -
1521
Diet of worms
Imperial diets are a formal assembly or council meeting. Throughout the middle ages, the Holy Roman Empire frequently held diets in order to decide important religious and political questions. Diets were convened to determine how authorities should respond to Martin Luther's teachings. https://study.com/learn/lesson/the-diet-of-worms-in-1521-history-summary-significance.html#:~:text=The%20diet%20issued%20the%20Edict,moment%20in%20the%20Protestant%20Reformation. -
1522
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish conquistador who traveled through much of the Pacific coast of America along Peru. Conquered Incan Empire, stealing massive amounts of gold, silver, and other treasures. Explored South America. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/95167 -
Period: 1527 to
Late Renaissance
The Late Renaissance was a period where art was developed towards the end on the High Renaissance. Their was a lot of successful artists consisting of Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo Da Vinci. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance -
1534
The act of Supremacy
Henry VIII’s institution of the Church of England and his positioning of himself as the head of the Church was the beginning of a long and checkered history of Reformation in England, in which the institution of Reformed theology from the top-down brought its own set of problems. https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/trevin-wax/top-ten-moments-in-reformation-history/ -
Period: 1543 to
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a drastic change in scientific thought that took place around the 16th and 17th centuries. A new view of nature emerged during the Scientific Revolution. The Greek has dominated science for almost 2,000 years but science became an autonomous discipline, distinct from both philosophy and technology. https://www.britannica.com/science/Scientific-Revolution -
1555
The Peace of Augsburg
The peace of Augsburg also called the Augsburg settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League. -
1559
Coronation of Queen Elisabeth 1
The coronation of Elizabeth I as queen of England and Ireland took place at Westminster Abbey, London, on 15 January 1559. Mary had reversed the Protestant Reformation which had been started by her two predecessors, so this was the last coronation in Great Britain to be conducted under the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_I#:~:text=The%20coronation%20of%20Elizabeth%20I,I%2C%20on%2017%20November%201558. -
1570
First modern Atlas was published
Abraham Ortelius, a Dutch-born cartographer, produced the first modern atlas called the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. After publishing a World Map in 1564, printed on eight sheets, he decided to gather a collection of maps from among his European cartographer contacts and had them engraved and bound in uniform size to produce the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. http://projectbritain.com/calendar/May/atlas.html -
1572
Saint Bartholomew's Massacre
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots during the French Wars of Religion. Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Queen Catherine de' Medici and the mother of King Charles IX. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre#:~:text=The%20St.,the%20French%20Wars%20of%20Religion. -
1572
Tycho Brache observes a new star
In 1572, Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe was among those who noticed a new bright object in the constellation Cassiopeia. Adding fuel to the intellectual fire that Copernicus started, Tycho showed this “new star” was far beyond the Moon, and that it was possible for the universe beyond the Sun and planets to change. https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/the-tycho-supernova-death-of-a-star -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV and granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was in essence completely Catholic. The edict separated civil from religious unity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes -
Kepler publishes " Astronomia Nova"
This publishing contains his first and second laws.
1) The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus.
2) An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/the-most-important-events-of-the-scientific-revolution -
Giordano bruno burned at the stake- cite=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giordano-Bruno
Giordano Bruno, original name Filippo Bruno, died February 17, 1600 in Rome who was a Italian philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, and occultist whose theories anticipated modern science. Bruno is, perhaps, chiefly remembered for the tragic death he suffered at the stake because of the tenacity with which he maintained his unorthodox ideas at a time when both the Roman Catholic and Reformed churches were reaffirming rigid Aristotelian and Scholastic principle. -
Thirty years war breaks out
Thirty Years' War , a series of European conflicts fought primarily in Germany. The war started in Bohemia with a Protestant revolt against the Holy Roman Empire and eventually involved almost all of the countries of Europe.