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It was a religious war being fought by the Christians and the Muslims. There weren't the only ones fighting the Jews and the Pagans were also in war. The Muslims defenders led by the Saladin's nephew.
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The Black Death was a disease that travel from rats to flies and then to humans, this disease original name is the Bubonic plague. It killed 25% to 60% of the Europe's population. Tell this day this disease still alive in Africa, Asia, South America.
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Early Renaissance art focused on realism, which was in line with the Humanism ideals prevalent during this cultural shift in European history. There was more naturalism in art. Figures were depicted with more anatomical realism and emotive qualities versus the two-dimensionality of the earlier Byzantine Art. Artists also included new illusionistic techniques like chiaroscuro and trompe l'oeil that contributed to the overall three-dimensionality of artworks.
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Columbus discovered the New world of the Americas.
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