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The Crusades occurred because of the numerous battles between the Christians and Muslims. The Western Europeans gained a great amount of power during this time. Source 1: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades
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Pope Urban ll made a speech that helped start the first Crusade. This speech basically called for a war between the two rivals which was when the first Crusade began. Source 1: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pope-urban-ii-orders-first-crusade
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The First Crusade started because Europe wanted to redeem their land back from the Muslims at the time. This event went on for almost 2 centuries because of the disagreements between the Muslims and Europeans.
Source 1: http://websites.umich.edu/~marcons/Crusades/timeline/summaries/First_Crusade.htm -
The Second Crusade lasted 2 years and was caused by Edessa in Mesopotamia starts to fail. A military was issued to help the city of Edessa and this caused the start of the Second Crusade. Source 1: https://www.worldhistory.org/Second_Crusade/
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The Kingdom of Jerusalem and Saladin forces went to battle because the Saladin forces wanted the Jerusalem land. This event led to the Third Crusade. Source 1: https://www.ranker.com/list/a-list-of-all-crusades-battles/reference
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The Third Crusade happened during 1189-1192 because of wanting to restore Jerusalem, but Jerusalem wasn't able to be restored. The result of the fall of Jerusalem was caused by the Muslim leader Saladin. Source 1: https://www.worldhistory.org/Third_Crusade/
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The Fourth Crusade happened between 1402-1404 and its was ordered by Pope Innocent III. The crusade happened because of the wanting to defeat the Muslims in Jerusalem since they took over. Source 1: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-westerncivilization/chapter/the-fourth-crusade/
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The Black Death was an era that killed about 50 million people at the time. The Black Death is also known as the Bubonic Plague that contained the disease that killed almost half of Europe's population. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death
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The plague was brought to France by a ship called Caffa. The ships docked in Marseille, because of the ships docking and arriving into France this caused a extensive spread of the Bubonic Plague. Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline
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The Bubonic Plague hits Venice in the mid 14th century. The Bubonic Plague killed 45,000 people in Venice. This event went on for two years. Source 1: http://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/exhibits/show/technologies-of-segregation/lazzaretti
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The plague enters England through the arrival of Melcombe Regis. While the plague spreads, people resort to taking flight to the inland of England. This caused the plague to spread even more. Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline
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The plague was into Wales by people who fled from England. This caused for 100,000 people to be killed because of the people from England who brought it over to Wales. Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline
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During the Age of Exploration was when Europeans started exploring the world. The Europeans explored the western part of the world. Source 1: https://www.fcps.net/cms/lib/KY01807169/Centricity/Domain/10943/final%20Adam%20Sullinger%20NTI%20Days%20May%2018-22.pdf
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The Early Renaissance was an era from about 1400 to 1500 in European. This was introducing of Italian painting and sculpture. The Early Renaissance introduced many new artists.
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Johannes Gutenburg created the printing press created during the Renaissance. The printing press has helped people for centuries by printing multiple copies of a single copy. Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/printing-press-renaissance#:~:text=German%20goldsmith%20Johannes%20Gutenberg%20is,automate%20the%20book%2Dprinting%20process. couldn't find an exact date for the event
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The Gutenberg Bible was made in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg, Johann Furst, and Peter Schoffer. The Gutenberg Bible is the one of the most famous bibles in the world. There is currently 150 copies of the Gutenberg bible. The bible was for the churches to use during this era. Source 1: https://www.hrc.utexas.edu/gutenberg-bible/
Source 2: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/liturgical couldn't find an exact date to provide in this event -
The Ottoman Empire captured the city of Constantinople in 1453 by Sultan Mehmed Il. This signaled an end to the Byzantine Empire. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Fall-of-Constantinople-
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This war went on for 30 years between two rivals between the years of 1455 and 1485. The war was caused due to the disagreements between the two rivals of the noble house of England. Both of the sides of the noble houses (the Lancastrians) wore badges that were a red rode. Source 1: http://theminiaturespage.com/ref/history/reninfo.html#roses
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Christopher Columbus traveled across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He wanted to find a water route that was west from Europe to Asia. This was when he accidently came across the Americas Source 1: https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus
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The Italian War occurred between 1494-1553. The Italian War mostly happened between France and Spain for 59 years. They were fighting over who would control Italy as a country. Source 1: https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/i/Italian_War_of_1521.htm
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Spain claimed some land in South America. During the Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal claimed Brazil and proceeded to grant the land to the Portuguese nobles. Source 1: https://www.softschools.com/timelines/age_of_exploration_timeline/348/
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The Last Supper was painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1495-1498 and is now one of the most famous artworks currently. The Last Supper shows the last meal served with Jesus in Jerusalem. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Last-Supper-Christianity
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The High Renaissance mainly took place in Rome, and lasted from around 1495 to 1527. During this era many artists were inspired by classical art and their art work are still greatly remembered to this day. Source 1: https://boisestate.pressbooks.pub/arthistory/chapter/high-renaissance/
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Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer that ended up reaching India after going around Africa. During this expedition many of the other explorers died on the ships while traveling. Source 1: https://www.softschools.com/timelines/age_of_exploration_timeline/348/
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Michelangelo started working on the sculpture David on September 13tt, 1504 and finished the sculpture in June of 1504. The sculpture is 17ft high and is made of Marble. The sculpture was based on the biblical character David. Source 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)#:~:text=David%20is%20a%20masterpiece%20of,in%20the%20art%20of%20Florence.
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King Henry Vlll was king of England between 1509-1547 and he was born June 28, 1491, in Greenwich England. He had six wives during his life and two were killed under his authority. One of the reasons he had all these wives was because he needed a male descendent to claim place in England. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VIII-king-of-England
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Niccolo Machiavelli was author, philosopher, and historian who published The Prince in 1532, 5 years after his death. The Prince was written in 1513, not until almost 20 years later was it published. This was a political treatise that was used to show how to gain power, create a state, and keep it. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Prince
Source 2: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
The Reformation took place a the Western Church in Europe. The reformation was a reformed movement that went on for over a century because of the mishandling of the Roman Catholic Church. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Reformation
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Martin Luther puts a piece of paper that consists of the 95 theses revolutionary opinions on the Castle Church in Germany. When Martin Luther did this, this initiated the Protestant Reformation that started in the 1500s. Source 1: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/martin-luther-posts-95-theses
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The Diet of Worms was held at the Holy Roman Empire and took place in Worms, Germany. On June 20, 1520 Pope Leo X faulted 41 of Martin Luther's theses. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Diet-of-Worms-Germany-1521 Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Diet-of-Worms-Germany-1521
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The late renaissance was a style of art that was developed towards the end of the high renaissance. There were many artists linked to this style of art during this time such as, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/art/Late-Renaissance
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In 1534 in England, the congress passed the Act of Supremacy which declared the right of Henry VIII to be supreme leader on earth of the Church of England. This also included ministerial connections to Rome. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Act-of-Supremacy-England-1534
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During the Scientific Revolution was the rises of sciences like astronomy, mathematics, physics, biology, and many more. This caused many peoples views to change due to the new knowledge the scientists were finding out. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/science/Scientific-Revolution
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Queen Elizabeth was 25 years old when she was crowned queen of England when her father King George VI, died aged 56 on February 6, 1952. Queen Elizabeth was queen for 45 years until she passed away on March 24th, 1603. Source 1: https://www.historytoday.com/archive/coronation-queen-elizabeth
Source 2: https://www.royal.uk/elizabeth-i# -
On May 20, 1570, Ortelius published the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas. This map had 53 maps in the first edition was used the most during the 16th century when explorers used maps for their discoveries. Source 1: https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.5.031225/full
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Vieta helped make remarkable effects on trigonometry, algebra, and geometry. His first ever work published was the Canon mathematicus. Source 1: https://math.berkeley.edu/~robin/Viete/work.html
Source 2: https://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/scientificrevolution/timeline/ -
The Globe Theatre first opened in 1599 where he would perform his plays. The Globe Theatre was built by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, William Shakespeare wrote for and part-owned for this company. Just a few of the plays Shakespeare performed were Henry V, Julius Caesar, Hamlet. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Globe-Theatre
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Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1601. Hamlet is widely recognized as one of the most compelling plays in the history of English theatre.
Source 1: https://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item126637.htm -
Galileo Galilei was a famous astronomer during the 1600s and is known for his discovery of the moon, Jupiter's moons, phases of Venus, sunspots, and many more discoveries throughout his career. Source 1: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/307/galileos-observations-of-the-moon-jupiter-venus-and-the-sun/
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The Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei discovered Jupiter using a homemade telescope. He discovered four moons orbiting the planet Jupiter. At first he though they were a group of stars, after taking a further look he found the "stars" had regular movements like a moon would have when it's orbiting a planet.
Source 1: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/galileo-discovers-jupiters-moons -
The Thirty Years' war lasted for 30 years and was one of the most horrific wars in history. This was mostly taken place in Germany between 1618-1648. The war started because of Protestant riot against the Holy Roman Empire. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Thirty-Years-War
Source 2: https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/thirty-years-war -
Issac Newton was a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was famous for discovering the three laws of motion which is Source 1: https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/newtons-laws-of-motion/
Source 2: https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion