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The movement that started in Italy caused an explotion of creativity in art, writing, and thought.
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Renaissance writers produced works that reflected their time, but they also used teqniques that writers rely on today.
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During the 1200's, block printed items reached Europe from China.
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When the destructive 100 Year's War ended, many cities grew rapidly.
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As scholars studied these manuscripts they become more influenced by classical ideas that helped them develop a new outlook on life and art.
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Medieval artists had used religious subjects to convey a spiritual idea.
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Norhtern European artists who studied in Italy carried renaissace ideas back to their homelands.
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As scholars studied these manuscrpts they became more influenced by classical ideas that helped them develop a new outlook on life and art.
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Scholars usually reffered to the Bible or the authors of ancient Greek or Roman books
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New thinking came into the field of astronomy
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The catholic church faced another great challenge to its authority in England.
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Martin Luther wanted to be a good christian, not lead a religious revolution.
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Huldrych Zulngi called for a return to the more personal faith of early christianity.
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While protestant churches won many followers, millions remaind true to the catholic church.
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As christians intrerpreted the bible for themselves, new protestand groups formed over differences in belief.
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The Renaissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenged church authority.
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Henry of Navarre-
Henry was robust, athletic, and handsome. In 1589, when Catherin and her last son died, Henry inherited the throne. He became Henry IV, the first king of the Bourbon dynasty in France. -
Helped bring together the theory of law of motion
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke started some key points about politics
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Over a span of a few decades, writers challengeed long-held ideas about society
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Louis was a weak king, but in 1642, he appointed a strong minister who made up for all of Louis's weakness.
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Ruler of France. For several years he had been a hard-working leader of the Catholic church in France. He took two steps to increas power on the Bourbon monarchy. First, he moved against Hhuguenots. He believed that Protestantism often served as an excuse for political conspiracies against the Catholic King.
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Michel de Montaigne lived during the worse years of the French religious wars. After the death of a friend, he developed a new form of literature, the essay.
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The revolution in scientific thinkning developed a new approach to science
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Louis became king in 1643 after the death of his father, Louis XIII< the true ruler of France was Richelieu's successor, Cardinal Mazarin.
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When Cordinal Mazarin died in 1661, the 22-year-old Louis took control of the government himself.
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Louis invaded the Spanish Nertherlands in an effort to expand Fance's boundaries. Encouraged by his suscess, her personaly led an army into Dutch Nertherlands in 1672.
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Astronomers explored the secrets of the universe
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Colbert believed in the theory of mercantilism. He tried to make France self-sufficient. Colbert gave government funds and tax benefits to French companies.
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Tired of hardship, the French people longed for peace. What they got was another war.
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Paris was the cultural and intellectual capitol of Europe
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The enlightment ideals of order and reason were reflected in arts
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After ruining France, he regretted the suffering he had brought upon to his poeple. He died in bed. News of his death prompted rejoicing throughout France.
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The enlightment swet through Europes royal courts
