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The scientific method was first discovered by Nicholaus Copernicus. The scientific method used observations, data, hypothesis, and tests. Doing this helped discover how many different things worked.
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Before Martin Luther, people weren't agreeing with the pope so the hired a new one. There got up to three rivaling popes that all had their own followers and their own systems set up.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Western-Schism -
There are three different social classes, nobles, townspeople, and peasants. Nobles are at the highest class, they were mainly advisors of the king. Nobles had to be born into it. Nobles have to work with high standards. Townspeople were either patricians, burghers, workers or they were unemployed. Peasants make up most of the social class. They mainly work farmland for little money.
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Ze_BjGFetw0rKir85a9vKgFx3vQYEN5vivyXgzGkREQ/edit#slide=id.p7 -
Marriages were arranged when the children were 2-3 years old. These marriages were set up to bring the best families together. If the family was rich, that's who you would want to arrange with. The father would make all choices and the mother would run the house.
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Ze_BjGFetw0rKir85a9vKgFx3vQYEN5vivyXgzGkREQ/edit#slide=id.p23 -
Peasants would only have 1 or 2 outfits, wealthy people had more to chose from. Men usually wore tights, a shirt, coat and sometimes a hat. Women usually wore dresses that were high on their waste with big puffy sleeves and jewelry. Women were seen as prettier if they had blonde hair and men went from long to short hair and sometimes had beards. https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Ze_BjGFetw0rKir85a9vKgFx3vQYEN5vivyXgzGkREQ/edit#slide=id.p23
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The Catholic church was teaching the bible the way they saw it. They didn't want people to have their own beliefs on what the bible said. Everyone was seeing things through the eyes of the church not how they would interpret it.
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Lorenzo Ghiberti entered a competition that was held by the church. It was to design new doors made of bronze for the Baptistery of the cathedral of Florence. Lorenzo won the competition and beat a lot of artists that had many skills like his.
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance-art -
Oil paint was created by Jan Van Eyck. Jan dried oils and they showed different pigments. The thickness of the paint is what made it stick out around fluid paints. Painting with oils gives the portrait texture, unlike normal paints.
https://www.britannica.com/art/oil-painting -
This portrait was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci and Andrea Del Verrocchio in 1472. It is a painting of the Virgin Mary and an Angel. The angel is visiting Mary to tell her that she will be the mother of Jesus. This painting is now hanging up in the Uffizi Gallery in Italy.
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The Birth of Venus is unlike most paintings from this time period. It was painted on a canvas when most paintings were on wood panels because it was seen as more formal. Sandro Botticelli is the artist. This painting is now in the art gallery Uffizi in Italy.
https://www.uffizi.it/en/artworks/birth-of-venus
http://www.italianrenaissance.org/botticelli-birth-of-venus/ -
The Prince was written by Niccolo Machiavelli. This book shows power and different ways it is shown and used. It was later translated into English by Rufus Good Win. The Prince was a very popular book and still is.
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The Mona Lisa is an oil painting on a poplar wood panel. It was painted between 1503 and 1519 by Leonardo da Vinci. This painting is now owned by the government of France and is hanging up in the Louvre museum in Paris. This painting has been touched up because of slight cracking on the panel.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting
https://www.leonardodavinci.net/the-mona-lisa.jsp -
Florence's city council had a special request that Michaelangelo make a sculpture of David. They put this sculpture in the city hall of Florence for everyone to see. It's in the Piazza della Signoria.
https://www.bolles.org/uploaded/PDFs/academics/AP_AP/APEuro7._Social_Change_and_Continuity.pdf -
The heliocentric solar system was first discovered by Aristarchus of Samos. It was later brought to peoples attention by Nicholaus Copernicus. The heliocentric solar system is where all the planets in the solar system revolve around the sun, not the earth.
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Sir Thomas More wrote this book during the renaissance. He first wrote it in Latin but it was later translated to English. The book is about an imaginary island with different politics, religions, and social customs. It is one of the most popular books from the renaissance.
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Before Luther, the Catholic church sold indulgences to the people. They said that buying an indulgence was the way to get to salvation. The church used this money for themselves and not for the people.
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Martin Luther wrote the 95 theses to explain all the things that he saw wrong with the Catholic church. The theses told about the teachings and the selling of indulgences. It stated how the church was trying to make money for the popes and priests. He stated all the things about the church that people didn't know was happening.
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After Luther wrote his 95 theses, he was called in by the church to recant his theses. When Martin went to the court in front of the pope, he was asked to recant the theses. Martin said no, he can not take back what he said because he believes that it is the truth and that people deserve to know what is actually going on. Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther from the Catholic church.
https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses -
Martin Luther noticed that the church wasn't sharing everything in the bible, they were only sharing their view of it. Martin then translated the new testament to German so that all people could read it for themselves and have their own view on it.
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The Rape of Europa was painted by Tiziano Vecelli, also known as Titian. This painting is known for the story behind it. It is based on the myth of the abduction of Europa by Zeus. The oil painting is now hanging on a wall in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.
https://www.titian.org/rape-of-europa.jsp
https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/collection/10978 -
This painting was created by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It was drawn with oil paints on a wood panel. The painting shows hunters and their dogs coming back from a hunt in the winter. This painting is now located in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria.
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/northern/antwerp-bruges/a/pieter-bruegel-the-elder-hunters-in-the-snow-winter -
Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Hamlet is a very popular book and play from the renaissance. There are many different conflicts in this that tend to hit peoples emotions.
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The first adding machine was invented by Blaise Pascal. He was trying to make his fathers job easier and wanted something that would add for him.
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Evangelista Torricelli first invented the barometer. He realized that the atmosphere has pressure in it and that the pressure can be used to tell what the weather will be like.
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Many people believe that Galileo was the inventor but, the design of the telescope was made by Hans. It was later modified by Galileo. The first telescope was made with a lens and an eyepiece on a long tube. It was made to look up at the constellations.
https://www.spaceanswers.com/astronomy/did-galileo-invent-the-telescope/
https://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/astrophysics/galileo.html
