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congress of racial equality founded
- An organization founded in the 1942 that was dedicated to civil rights through nonviolent. *it was found by a group of Chicago in the 1942
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Dodger hire jackie robinson
*In 1945, Robinson crossed the color line when Brooklyn Dodgers general manager Branch Rickey hired him
*he was the first known black baseball player. -
executive order 9981
- In executive order issued by president Harry S. Truman and 1948 ending segregation in the military.
- Truman knew that desegregation in the armed forces was necessary, not only on moral grounds but also for political reasons.
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brown Vs board of education
- 1954 Supreme Court ruling said that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
- The brown Vs board of education was actually a set from Kansas, South Carolina and others that had moved up through the court system ALL at the same time
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montgomery buse bycott
- it was all started by rosa parks when she got arrested because shed didn't want to give up she seat to a white man
- in 1955 boycott resulted in the integration of Montgomery, bus system in Alabama.
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integration of of central high school
*a federal judge ordered public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, to begin desegregation
* Faunus called out the Arkansas National Guard. -
first lunch counter sit-in
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freedom ride
*civil rights protests in which blacks and whites rode interstate buses together in 196.
* they created the freedom ride to test weather southern states -
Birmingham campaign
- The Birmingham protests showed that African Americans were not going to back down in their struggle for civil rights. *As the youngsters fled, policemen chased them down with clubs and dogs.
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march in Washington
- a 1963 protest in which more than 250,000 people demonstrated in the nation's capital for "jobs and freedom" and the passage of civil rights legislation.
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advocates for black nationalism
- a doctrine, promoted by the Nation of Islam, calling for complete separation from white society.
- a doctrine that called for complete separation from white society.
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voting rights act of 1965
disanfantrise meant not allowing people to vote
congress passed the voting act of 1965
African americans got to have the right to vote because of this act -
black panther party founded
- a group founded in 1966 that demanded economic and political rights and was prepared to take violent action.
- The black panther was a vicious animal, who, if he was attacked, would not back up. It was a political symbol that we were here to stay and we were going to do whatever needed to be done to survive.
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watts Riot + kerner commission
- a 1965 race riot in Watts, a black ghetto in Los Angeles, caused by frustrations about poverty, prejudice, and police mistreatment
- the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders that concluded that white racism was the fundamental cause of the Watts riot.
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civil rights act of 1968
*a law that included a ban on discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, or sex.
* This law included a fair-housing component that banned discrimination in housing sales and rentals. It also gave the federal government the authority to file lawsuits against those who violated the law. -
Swann V. charlotte - Mecklenberg board of education
- the 1971 Supreme Court ruling that busing was an acceptable way to achieve school integration
- Three years later, the Supreme Court took another look at school segregation in Swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education.
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Regents of the university of California V. black
- a 1978 Supreme Court ruling that narrowly upheld affirmative action, declaring that race may be one factor, but not the sole criterion, in school admissions. *
