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Johan Gutenberg created one of the most important and influential pieces of equipment called the printing press. Johan was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher. He created the first ever movable printing press, and started the printing revolution, eventually printing thousands of books.
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Humanism is the idea that humans should focus on being well rounded and living life in the present, rather than focusing on the afterlife and how you will live after your death. This idea lasted from the 1400's, all the way up to about 1650
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The printing revolution began when a man by the name of Johan Gutenberg created the printing press, and sparked the idea of mass producing books and texts. The concept of printing was mainly used to make reading more available, and in multiple languages such as the vernacular.
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Lorenzo de 'Medici was a very powerful ruler of the Florentine Republic along with his brother, and was one of the most powerful rulers of his time. He is known for hiring artists to paint portraits, such as Botticelli and Michelangelo.
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Da Vinci was the creator of many famous paintings, the most famous being the Mona Lisa. He was an Inventor, painter, sculptor, architect and even a scientist. Da Vinci was the definition of a "well rounded" man, and the most famous individual from the renaissance.
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Erasmus was a renaissance humanist, and catholic priest. Erasmus wrote many text that were influential to the protestant reformation, and had lots of respect for the church and religion.
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Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist and writer during the renaissance. He was a senior official in the Florentine Republic, and was secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence, while the Medici were not in power.
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Albrecht Durer was an artist who mainly painted and engraved during the renaissance. He is a well known artist who engraved and was associates with Raphael and Da Vinci, Some of the best known artist of the time. He is one of the first European landscape artists as well.
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Nicolaus Copernicus was a mathematician and astronomer who believed that the sun was the center of the universe, and not the earth. Nobody believed him and thought he was crazy.
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Michelangelo was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and Poet. He is considered one of the most famous artists from the renaissance, and he also created the statue "David", and "Pieta". One of his most famous works was the paintings on the Sistine Chapel, where he painted the entire ceiling.
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Thomas More was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and Renaissance humanist. He believed a utopia was best for society, and dreamed the world was one. He opposed of the protestant reformation, and disliked Martin Luther. He once refused to take an oath, and was eventually beheaded for treason.
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Raphael was a renaissance artist and architect. Pope Julius II Hired him as his chief architect, where he designed and painted many items for him, and was known as one of the greatest architects during the renaissance.
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Martin Luther was a German, priest, monk, and is one of the people who sparked the protestant reformation, by creating the 95 theses. He came up with 95 reasons why the church was doing the wrong thing, and that they need to change. Martin Luther is one of the key reasons why the reformation started.
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Thomas Cranmer was The archbishop of Canterbury and served during King Henrys reign. He helped the king divorce one of his many wives, and was eventually burned at the stake by Queen Mary for not supporting Catholicism.
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King Henry was the king of England for his life. He spent his whole reign trying to have a male heir, and even had 6 wives. After his whole life trying to have a male, his only son ended up dying a the young age of 15. His obesity eventually got the best of him, when he died in 1547.
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Indulgences were sold to the public by the Roman-Catholic Church, and were only used as profit machines to the church. People would pay the church to remove all of their sins, and the church would benefit from the money. People began to realize this was wrong and an individual named Martin Luther played a big role in the stoppage to indulgences.
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John Calvin is a French pastor an reformer, who was a big part of the Reformation. He wrote down what he thought was a good Christian and what you had to do in order to go to heaven, called Calvinism, and many people followed his beliefs.
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Elizabeth was the daughter of King Henry VIII, and when the king passed, he passed the throne to his son. After his son died at a young age, Mary took the thrown, and then Elizabeth took the throne and ruled as queen. She never married, and she compromised with the Anglican church.
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Nicolaus Copernicus developed a theory that earth is not the center of the solar system, whereas many thought it was at the time period. He believed the sun was the center, and we revolved around it, and nobody believed him.
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The council of Trent is the council of the Roman-Catholic church. They were the leaders of the church and the counter reformation to stop people from trying to reform and break the church.
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Francis Bacon was a philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author, and even served as Lord Chancellor, and Attorney General of England. Francis Bacon is most widely known for his creation of the scientific method, which is one of the most important principals of science.
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Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, and he created the first telescope. He observed several moons in orbit around the sun and said that the earth does the same to the sun. Thee church did not like this and he was forced admit he was wrong or else he would be burned at the stake.
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William Shakespeare was a renaissance poet, playwright and actor. He has written many poems and plays that are still famous today. He has written almost 40 plays and is considered one of the most popular playwrights during the renaissance.
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Isaac Newton is considered one of the most influential scientists of all time, and was an astronomer, mathematician, and physicist. He played a major role in the scientific revolution, and was responsible for the creation of the laws of motion, and the concept of gravity, as well as many other scientific principals.
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The scientific method was created by Francis Bacon and is the basic principals of science. It consists of a hypothesis, experiment, observation and conclusion.
