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UNIA/Marcus Garvey
Garvey, a champion of Black Pride, founds the United Negro Improvement Association -
Prohibition Ratified
The 18th amendment was ratified, banning manufacture or sale of alcohol. -
Warren Harding
Harding (Republican) elected as President -
Religious Revivalists
"Radio evangelists" attacked society and preached fundamentalists values over the radio -
Flapper Style
young women cut their hair, wore shorter dresses -
Radios
Radios and radio programs became popular as a way of entertainment and communication -
"Revolution in Morals"
evolving culture encouraged more promiscuity -
Educations
percentage of high school graduates jumped to over 25% -
"Jazz Age"
African American Jazz musicians grew in popularity among all races -
Racial Pride
African American leaders like W.E.B. Du Bois emphasized racial pride -
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem, NYC became a hub for African American Culture -
Automobiles
Automobile began to affect nearly every aspect of American life, and many industries became dependent on them -
Assembly Line
Businesses began adopting the assembly line, perfected by Ford, to increase productivity -
Sinclair
Satirized middle-class America in his works -
First Quota Act
Limited immigration to 3% of foreign-born persons from a given nation counted in 1910 census. -
Sacco and Vanzetti
Two Italian immigrants convicted for robbery and murder, liberals argued that they were sentenced to death because they were Italian and anarchists -
Washington Conference
conference on naval disarmament between Belgium, China, Great Britain, Japan, and France. -
Election of 1924
Calvin Coolidge (Republican) elected President -
Great Gatsby
F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes the Great Gatsby -
Scopes Trial
Court battle between fundamentalists and modernists over whether or not it was okay to teach evolution in schools -
Movies
movies with sound introduced, movie industry skyrocketed -
Election of 1928
Hoover (Republican) elected president -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
discouraged using force to "achieve national ends", but was ineffective because it lacked consequences for violators -
A Farewell to Arms
Ernest Hemingway published A Farewell to Arms -
Black Thursday
Selling frenzy began, stock prices plunged -
Black Tuesday
Stocks plunged further, after one business day of rest -
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Raised the tariff on American goods ranging from 31 to 49% -
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Created by Congress to stabilize key financial institutions (trickle-down theory) -
21st Amendment
Repealed 18th amendment (Prohibition) as a way to collect tax revenue -
Industrial Recovery Program
Guaranteed reasonable profits for business and fair hours/wages for workers, gave workers right to organize and bargain collectively (declared unconstitutional 1935 Schechter v U.S.) -
Fireside Chats
Roosevelt begins his "fireside chats" to assure listeners that re-opened banks were safe -
Civilian Conservation Corps
Employed young men on projects and paid their families monthly -
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
offered grants to states/gov'ts operating soup kitchens and other methods of relief -
Security and Exchange Commission
created to regulate stock market and place limits on speculative practices -
Glass-Steagall Act
increased regulation of banks, gold standard restricted to international transactions -
Soil Conservation Service
Created to teach farmers to farm in a more eco-friendly way (crop rotation, terrace fields, etc) -
Wagner Act
Replaced NRA, guaranteed right to join union/bargain collectively, outlawed business practices unfair to labor -
Social Security Act
created federal insurance program that would be used to make monthly payments to retired people 65+ y/o or unemployed, disabled people, and dependent children and mothers -
Works Progress Administration
created jobs for the unemployed, NYA (National Youth Administration) provided part-time jobs to young people in school or until they could get another job -
Resettlement Administration
provided loans to sharecroppers & small farmers, and established federal camps for migrant workers -
Rural Electrification Administration
provided loans to power more rural areas -
Formation of C.I.O.
broke away from AF of L and focused on unskilled workers -
Fair Labor Standards Act
established a minimum wage, a maximum workweek, and child labor restrictions -
Grapes of Wrath
Steinbeck publishes the Grapes of Wrath, detailing the hardships of dust bowl farmers
