-
The Middle East- There was a division in the Muslim community over where Muhammad's booty would go. They split into 2 groups, Shi'ites and Sunnis. The Shi'ites believed that religious leadership rightfully belonged to Ali and his descendants. The Sunnis believed that the community should choose its leaders more broadly. This started Period 3.
-
Europe, North Africa, Middle East- Christianity was the main religion, represented a continuation of Roman rule and tradition.
-
Europe- The disappearance of the imperial legal framework that had stayed until the end of the Western Roman Empire, and the rise of many political/social ranks changed the landscape of western Europe.
-
South Asia- Indian Ocean trade and trade with Islamic World, China, East Africa, and Persia; traded cotton/silk/elephants/gems/cinnamon/salt
-
East Asia- The Sui reunited China after centuries of division, then just 34 years later it collapsed. The Tang were important because they were one of the few that practiced Buddhism as their main religion.
-
South Asia- Tibetan Empire emerged under Songsam Gyampo in 620. In 850 CE, Buddhist political power was secured in Tibet.
-
East Asia- Founded after the Sui dynasty. The Tang dynasty was often referred to as the "Golden Age" of China. Was important because many cultural and political achievements were made.
-
North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East- Yazid, the son of Mu'awiya, was the leader of the Umayyad caliphate and started the Islamic conquest. Ended with the Khurasan revolt, and started the Abassid caliphate.
-
Middle East- A rebellion in the Umayyad caliphate in the Khurasan region overthrew the last Umayyad caliphate.
-
West Africa- Earliest known beneficiary of the new exchange system. Was calles the land of gold.
-
South Asia- In modern-day Cambodia, the king was killed and then Angkor was ransacked.
-
Middle East, North Africa- Abbasid decline became obvious in the second half of the 800s as the conversion to Islam accelerated. No government ruling so vast an empire could hold power easily. Caravans traveled only 20 miles a day, and the couriers of the caliphal post system usually did not go more than 100 miles a day.
-
East Africa- On the Swahili coast city-states started popping up due to the Indian Ocean Maritime Trade.Merchants traded gold, slaves and ivory for pottery, glassware, and textiles from Persia, India and China.
-
East Asia- Korea was a fairly infertile land and the kingdom depended on the Tang dynasty, and after the Tang collapsed, Koryo united Korea.
-
East Asia- The Northern Song were known for their strong central government and technological innovations such as the astronomical clock tower.
-
Middle East- Led to Abbasid decline for many reasons. They were ferocious fighters and this idea gained strength in the 1030s when the Seljuk. family established a Turkish Muslim state based on nomadic power
-
Europe- The Battle of Hastings in 1066 was between the Normans and Anglo-Saxons. This was important because it was a decisive Norman victory.
-
Europe- The series of Christian military campaigns against Muslims in the eastern Mediterranean. Important because it had massive cultural and political effects on the landscape of Europe.
-
East Asia- The most innovative dynasty/kingdom of this period. They used a neo-Confucian system of government that was very orderly and was very effective.
-
West Africa- Gold was the main source of wealth. Founded by Muslims in the 11th century. Became much richer than Ghana.
-
East Africa- In the early 11th century, people from the Kingdom of Mapungubwe in Southern Africa settled on the Zimbabwe plateau. There, they would establish the Kingdom of Zimbabwe around 1220.
-
South Asia- The collapse of the Delhi Sultinate can be accredited to the overall weakness of the empire.
-
West Africa, East Africa, Middle East, East Asia, South Asia- Horrible disease called the Black Death which quickly killed people, spreading along the trade routes.
-
West Africa- Timbuktu becomes the center of Islamic culture. Thousands of scholars attended three, main major universities that sparked intellectual thought.
-
West Africa- Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan explorer who traveled the Islamic lands. His intent was to explore the land that Islam came from and to see how people were practicing it.
-
Europe, Asia, Africa- The collapse of the Byzantine Empire was mainly cause by the frequent attacks of the Ottoman Turks and the political and economic instability played a key role.
