-
the emergence of regional stone tool industries, such as the Perigordian, Aurignacian, Solutrean, and Magdalenian of Europe as well as other localized industries of the Old World and the oldest known cultures of the New World.
-
Demographic Transition, Agricultural Revolution, or First Agricultural Revolution was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period
-
in the Fertile Crescent, a boomerang-shaped region of the Middle East where humans first took up farming. Shortly after, Stone Age humans in other parts of the world also began to practice agriculture.
-
humans used primitive stone tools. Lasting roughly 2.5 million years, the Stone Age ended around 5,000 years ago
-
The Aryans crossed the Hindu Kush mountains and came in contact with the Indus Valley Civilization. This was a large migration and used to be seen as an invasion, which was thought to be the reason for the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization,
-
the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze ages, and one of the first civilizations in the world along with Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley.
-
housed historically important cities such as Uruk, Nippur, Nineveh, Assur and Babylon, as well as major territorial states such as the city of Eridu, the Akkadian kingdoms, the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the various Assyrian empires.
-
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches ..... The relief and portrait sculpture of the period captured subtle, individual details that reached new heights of technical sophistication.
-
Early Period, 2600–2025 BC. A map detailing the location of Assyria within the Ancient Near East c. 2500 BC. The city of Aššur, together with a number of other Assyrian cities, seem to have been established by 2600 BC. However it is likely that they were initially Sumerian-dominated administrative centres.
-
was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia, centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region, also called Akkad in ancient Mesopotamia in the Bible. The empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule.
-
the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization was caused by climate change. ... By 1800 BCE, the Indus Valley climate grew cooler and drier, and a tectonic event may have diverted or disrupted river systems, which were the lifelines of the Indus Valley Civilization.
-
a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BCE. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code. A partial copy exists on a 2.25 meter stone stele
-
was the longest-lasting of ancient China's dynasties. It followed the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE) and it finished when the army of the state of Qin captured the city of Chengzhou in 256 BCE.
-
were the earliest known major civilization in Mesoamerica following a progressive development in Soconusco. They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco.
-
The Shang dynasty or Yin dynasty, according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Zhou dynasty
-
According to the Jewish Encyclopedia the terms "Hebrews" and "Israelites" usually describe the same people, stating that they were called Hebrews before the conquest of the Land of Canaan and Israelites afterwards.
-
a major series of migrations of the original proto-Bantu language ... In Eastern and Southern Africa, Bantu speakers may have adopted livestock husbandry from others... Prior to the arrival of Bantus in Southeast Africa, Cushitic-speaking peoples had migrated into the region from the Ethiopian
-
The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC. Before then the Phoenicians wrote with a cuneiform script. The earliest known inscriptions in the Phoenician alphabet come from Byblos and date back to 1000 BC
-
DescriptionThe Chavín culture is an extinct, prehistoric civilization, named for Chavín de Huantar, the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found. The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru from 900 BCE to 200 BCE. It extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast.
-
The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek ...... See also[edit]. History of Greece · History of Iran · List of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity · Flag of Greece.svg Greece portal · Flag of Iran.
-
Nebuchadnezzar II was the greatest king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He is known for rebuilding much of Babylon and restoring it to its former glory
-
the first of the Indo-European people to make use of iron. Due to the widespread availability of iron ore, this allowed them to create weapons that were much stronger and cheaper. The Hittite empire fell victim to the Bronze Age Collapse around the beginning of the 12th century BC
-
he dispersion of Jews among the Gentiles after the Babylonian Exile; or the aggregate of Jews or Jewish communities scattered “in exile” outside Palestine or present-day Israel.
-
-
-
The Teachings and Travels of Buddha. millions of people around the world today. ... Back then, Gautama Buddha was known as Siddhartha Gautama. Lumbini continues to hold the Shakya Tank, the remains within the Maya Devi Temple and the Ashoka pillar.
-
The Analects are a collection of the teachings and thoughts of Confucius; they also contain fragments of dialogues between the great Chinese philosopher and his disciples. The name in English derived from the word "analect" which means a fragment or extract of literature
-
This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing formerly known as the Golden Age of Athens with the later part The Age of Pericles.
-
The End of the Warring States Period (246–221 BC) Seven warring states remained by the third century
-
an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases.
-
also spelled Taoism, indigenous religio-philosophical tradition that has shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years. In the broades
-
was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings, the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.
-
he Battle of Issus occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC. The invading troops led by Alexander were outnumbered more than 2:1, yet they defeated the army personally led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia. ... It was the first time the Persian army had been defeated with the King present on the field.
-
founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India. ... Chandragupta built one of the largest empires ever on the Indian subcontinent. According to Jain sources, he then renounced it all, and became a monk in the Jain tradition.
-
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its logosyllabic script—the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system
-
first of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire that resulted in the destruction of Carthage. ... The First Punic War was fought to establish control over the strategic islands of Corsica and Sicily.
-
-
When and Why It Was Built. After the great unification of the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC) in 221 BC, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the construction of the Great Wall to prevent attacks from Mongolians and Manchus.
-
Legalism became the official philosophy of the Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 BCE) when the first emperor of China, Shi Huangti, rose to power and banned all other philosophies as a corrupting influence. ... The excesses of the Qin Dynasty's legalism made the regime very unpopular with the people of the time.
-
founded by the peasant rebel leader Liu Bang (known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu), was the second imperial dynasty of China. It followed the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), which had unified the Warring States of China by conquest.
-
The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty of China, which linked the regions of the ancient world in commerce between 130 BCE-1453 CE.
-
The assassination of Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. They stabbed Caesar (23 times) to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March 15 March 44 BC
-
the peace which existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire
-
It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty (9–23 CE). This interregnum separates the Han into two periods: the Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) and Eastern Han (25–220 CE). ... To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to itself as the "Han people" and Chinese characters are referred to as "Han characters".
-
Christianity is the religion that is based on the birth, life, death, resurrection and teaching of Jesus Christ. Christianity began in the 1st century AD as a Jewish sect in Judea but quickly spread throughout the Roman empire. Derp early persecution of Christians, it later became the state religion
-
The end of the Han dynasty refers to the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 AD, which roughly coincides with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian. ... The Han dynasty formally ended in 220 when Cao Cao's son and heir, Cao Pi, pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favour.
-
November of 284 A.D., Diocletian, a forceful Roman general, seized power and declared himself the new emperor. One of his earliest orders was to split the Roman Empire in two.
-
Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313, thus ending all Roman-sponsored persecution of Christianity, the Empire became a haven for Christians. ... The agreement required that Christians be treated benevolently within the Roman Empire.
-
after its refoundation under Roman emperor Constantine I, who transferred the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in 330 and designated his new capital officially as Nova Roma (Νέα Ῥώμη) 'New Rome'.
-
hey maintained an empire over northern and parts of central and western India from the early 4th to the late 6th century ce. The first ruler of the empire was Chandra Gupta I, who was succeeded by his son, the celebrated Samudra Gupta.
-
In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more.
-
The Han dynasty under Emperor Wudi was able to defeat the Xiongnu Empire. The White Huns, also called the Hephthalites, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia. ... For nearly thirty years, India was ruled by the White Huns. In the 6th century, though, the White Huns were driven out of India by a Hindu coalition
-
According to the Jewish Encyclopedia the terms "Hebrews" and "Israelites" usually describe the same people, stating that they were called Hebrews before the conquest of the Land of Canaan and Israelites afterwards.