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The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses.
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The Hundred Years' War was a series of battles waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet.
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The center of the Byzantine Empire, Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks, provoking an exodus of Greek people and works of art and literature into the Italian city-states.
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The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42) was the first major book printed with a movable type printing press.
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Charles VII ; invasion of Italy initiated the long series of Franco-Italian wars which characterized the first half of the 16th century.
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Gama destroyed the Arab trading centers in India and along Africa’s East coast and set up Portuguese trading centers, making Portugal one of the most important trading powers.
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The ascension of Pope Julius II begins the Roman Golden Age, during which the city and Papacy both prosper. Julius II reverses the trend of moral degradation in the Papacy and takes great steps in the rebuilding of Rome.
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Elizabeth I ; (On The Throne) 7 September 1533 was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess.
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William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire and was baptised on 26 April 1564.
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Queen Elizabeth I died on 24 March 1603 (of blood poisoning) - she was nearly70 years of age.
