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Oct 11, 1492
Columbus Discovers the New World
Christopher Columbus Discovers America, 1492
Three ships were part of the expedition: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. He was trying to sail west to Asia to find gold, pearls, and spice. Columbus thought of the Native Americans as an inferior race. However, he wrote, "they are the best people in the world and above all the gentlest." -
Aug 13, 1519
Hernan Cortes conquers the Aztecs
Native American TimelineThe Conquest of the Aztecs
Hernan Cortes invades Mexico, which led to a huge battle between Cortes' army and the Aztec people. He completed his conquest of the Aztecs in 1521, and after conquering the Aztecs, he established the colony of New Spain. -
Jan 1, 1552
Bartolome de Las Casas
Native American Timeline
Bartolome de Las Casas was the first priest appointed in the Western Hemisphere. He wrote the book "Brief Relations of the Destruction of the Indies", which was about the colonists' treatment of the Indians. -
Founding of Jamestown
North American Indian Timeline
Jamestown was America's first permanent colony. It was founded by the colonists of the London Company. Disease and starvation killed the original 105 settlers, leaving only 32. Captain John Smith is captured by Chief Powhatan and Smith was then saved by Powhatan's daughter, Pocahontas. -
Bacon's Rebellion
Native American Timeline
Tobacco planters that were led by Nathaniel Bacon asked for and were denied permission to attack the Susquehannock Indians. The indians had been conducting raids on colonists' settlements. Being so mad at the refusal, colonists burned Jamestown and killed many indians. -
French and Indian War
<ahref='http://http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/frenchindian/summary.html' >SparkNotes</a>
The first battle was in 1754.The war was caused by a clash between the French & English over territory and wealth. The French dominated the English at first, then the English made Indian allies that helped them win the war.The Battle at Fort William Henry led to a British massacre by Indian soldiers allied with the French. The F&I War damaged the relationship between England and North Americans. -
Proclamation of 1763
North American Timeline
The Proclamation of 1763 was signed by King George III of England. It prohibited any English settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains and it required anyone that was already settled in the west to move east to ease tensions with the NAtive Americans. -
Treaty of Paris
Native American History
The French and Indian War was formally ended by the Treaty of Paris. It is signed by representatives of Great Britan and the US. The British give up all their North American territories south of Canada and east of the Mississippi River to the US. Now, the US claims all Indian land east of the MIssissippi River by right of conquest. -
Treaty of Greenville
[North American Indian Timeline](htthttp://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/nativeamericanchron.htmlp://)This treaty was the end of of an undeclared war that begun in the late 1770s that fought to resist American expansion to Ohio.In 1795, over 1,000 Indian delegates surrendered two thirds of what is now Ohio, part of Indiana, and sites of what is now Detroit, Toledo and Chicago. The Indians were promised a permanent boundary between their land and American territory in return. -
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase is considered to be one of the greatest achievements of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The US purchased about 828,000,000 square miles of territory from France. Louisiana Territory went from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border. -
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark's expedition began in 1804 with a Shoshone Indian, Sacagawea. They charted the western territory under the directions of Thomas Jefferson. On November 7th, 1805 they saw the Pacific Ocean. They arrived back home on September 22, 1806. They had been about 8,000 miles and had discovered 173 new plants and 122 species and subspecies of animals. -
Tecumseh and the Prophet
[North American Indian Timeline](htthttp://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/nativeamericanchron.htmlp://)Tecumseh, Chief of the Shawnees, and his brother, the Prophet, founded Prophetstown. This place was for Indians to settle who believed that signing US treaties would destroy the Indian way of life. During a meeting between Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison, Tecumseh said that he would never recognize any treaties signed with the US government. In November 1811, Harrison and his troops destroyed Prophetstown after the Battle of Tippicanoe. -
Creek War
[North American Indians](htthttp://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/nativeamericanchron.htmlp://)
Instagated by General Andrew Jackson, the Creek War began to end Creek resistance to giving up their land to the US government. The Creek Nation was defeated, and they lost two-thirds of their tribal land. This was the largest cession in of territory ever made in the southeast. -
Indian Removal Act
NAIT
President Andrew Jackson submitted a bill to Congress asking for Indians to be moved from the east to the west of Mississippi. The Indian Removal Act was passed on May 28, and from 1830-1840, thousands of Native Americans were forcibly removed. -
Worchester v. Georgia
NAIT
A missionary from Vermont who was working on Cherokee land sued Georgia for arresting him, saying the state had no authority over him in the Cherokee Nation. The court ruled in Worchester's favor, deciding that state laws did not extend to Indian land. This ruling made clear that Indian tribes were under the protection of federal government. -
Trail of Tears
NAIT
President Jackson sent federal troops to forcibly remove almost 16,000 Cherokee Indians who refused to move westward. Most were imprisioned in camps in May, where at least 1,500 died. After the summer, the rest of the Indians were forced to go on a 800 mile march to Oklahoma. Around 4,000 Cherokees died during the march. -
Oregon Trail
Wikipedia
The Oregon Trail connected the Missouri River to the valleys in oregon. It was 2,200 mile emigrant trail. In 1847, westward migration began through Plains Indian country. -
Gold discovered in California
NATL
Close to Sutter's Fort, California, James Marshall discovered gold. This began the California Gold Rush of 1849. -
Passage of the Homestead Act
[NAIT](http:/http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/nativeamericanchron.html/)
The Homestead Act made western land belong to Indian Nations available to non-Indian American settlers. This was the beginning of huge migrations to Indian lands. -
Sand Creek Massacre
NAITTo get revenge on the Indians for the slaughtering of the Humgate's, 750 volunteers of a Calvary church, led by Colonel John Chivington, a Methodist pastor, attacked two villiages at Arapaho. They did things such as scalping the victims, cutting their fingers off and using the babies and toddlers as target practice. 163 Indians were killed, 110 of which were women and children. Colonel Chivington was driven into excile, and John Evans, governor of Colorado, was removed from office. -
Diminished Buffalo Herds
Buffalo and Native Americans
The number of buffalos went from a million to almost nothing. The scarce amount of buffalo caused the Native American population to drop almost 50%. -
Gold in the Black Hills, and the Ft. Laramie Treaty
NAIT
George Armstrong Custer found gold in the Black Hills of Dakota, resulting in a huge amount of fortune-hunters into the most sacred of the Lokota territory. Federal athorities protected the miners in the path known as "Freedom's Trail". The peak of the gold rush was between 1867-77. -
Battle of Little Big Horn
NAITGeorge Armstrong Custer and 250 soldiers ignored warnings of a Sioux army and attacked the forces of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse at the Little Big Horn. Custer and 210 of his men are killed. The news reached the east for the Independence Day Centennial celebrations. Over the next two years, federal government killed some of the Lakota and put most onto reservation. The New York Times called those American people "red devils" on July 6. -
Nez Perce War
NAIT
This war started when the US army responded to some American deaths along the Salmon River. These deaths were supposedly committed by the Nez Perce. To avoid battle, about 800 Nez Perce fled 1,500 miles. The Nez Perce were caught about 30 miles south of the Canadian border.
