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-Civil rights:the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
-One of four civil rights organizations at the time
-Played key role in many civil rights movements -
-Kerner Commission:Group of people set up by LBJ to investigate the causes of 1967 race riots
-ghettos:a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups
- Watts riot was a riot between a group of violent blacks and some police officers in Watts Los Angles which was a highly populated black area
-Over thirty people died
-First of several riots between blacks and the police -
-Color line:a social system in which a group of people are denied access to the same rights, opportunities, and facilities as other people on the basis of skin color.
-Jackie Robinson was the first African American pro baseball player
-He was number 42 -
-segregation:enforced separation of people or things based on race
-Signed by President Truman
-It made sure that there was equal treatment in the armed forces and same opportunities to join -
-Nation of Islam:An organization composed chiefly of African Americans, advocating the teachings of Islam and originally favoring the separation of black and white racial groups in the United States: members are known as Black Muslims
-Malcom X:He was an African American man who was a political leader
-Black nationalism is the advocacy of separate national status for blacks in the United States
-Malcom X was one of the main advocates for black nationalism -
-Thurgood Marshall:First African American justice
-Ruled that segregation in schools was against the 14th amendment
-That was the end of segregation in public schools -
-Rosa parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white male on December 1st 1955 and her getting arrested set a spark of an idea to boycott all the bus'
-boycott:Withdraw from commercial or social relations with stuff as a punishment or protest
-The bus' got most there money from black passengers and without them they were dropping money fast
-The bus boycott ended with desegregation on bus' -
-Civil disobedience:the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
-SNCC:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
-The first black students where and are known as the little rock 9 -
-Jim crow laws:statutes enacted by Southern states and municipalities, beginning in the 1880s, that legalized segregation between blacks and whites.
-Sit-ins:a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met.
-Lunch counter sit-ins were a type of peaceful protest where the blacks went into the white lunch counters and would sit there peacefully
-Most sit-ins ended with blacks getting beat that didn't stop them -
-Civil Disobedience: peaceful protest against something protester disagrees with
-CORE was involved with organizing these freedom rides
- CORE abandoned the freedom rides but SNCC continued them
-Some freedom riders were beat up for their cause -
-SCLC:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
-This movement was organized by the SCLC and its purpose was to bring attention to the integration in Alabama
-Many blacks were beat and hosed in the process of this act
-The letter was written by Martin Luther King Jr after he was arrested during the Birmingham campaign -
-NAACP:National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
-This was a march for jobs and freedom
-Was arranged by the NAACP and the civil rights leaders -
-discrimination:unjust treatment of people or things usually because race,age,or gender.
-This act was passed and outlawed discrimination of any sort.
-It was passed by President Lyndon Johnson -
-Disenfranchise: not allowing people to vote
-Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965
-African Americans got the right to vote because of this act -
-Black Power:a movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s
-The black panther party was founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale
-It was founded for self-defense which was practiced throughout the group -
-discrimination:
the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex
- defines housing discrimination as the “refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race, color, religion, or national origin”
-It was also known as the fair housing act -
-desegregation:the ending of a policy of racial segregation
-Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools
-This made a speed up of racial integration into public schools -
-Affirmative action:an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination
- It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy
-This case brought up that racial quotas in collage admission was unconstitutional
