-
The formation of an independent Italy was formally called the Risorgimento. It was a movement in the 19th century. The result of the movement was the unification of different Italian states into one kingdom of Italy.
-
In September of 1870, Italians entered the Papal States of Italy. They were able to annex the Papal States, and later became a part of the Kingdom of Italy.
-
The Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adwa was a great defeat for the Italians. The Ethiopian army defeated the very outnumbered Italians and Eritrean askaris. Many Eritreans who were traitors of Ethiopia were killed in ways of mutilation. The image depicts the physical portrayal of Italy's loss and defeat as an Italian soldier is on the ground.
-
The Italian invasion of Libya consisted of numerous Italian soldiers invading Libya, a Turkish province. This was the beginning of the Italo-Turkish war. This war brought about the Italian Tripolitania and Italian, which were unified in Italian Libya.
-
Fiume was land known to be part of what was once Yugoslavia, which had bordered Italy. D’Annunzio wanted to take Fiume over as he believed that all Italians should be united, as there were many Italians living in Fiume
-
Avanti was a Socialist Party newspaper in Italy, in which Mussolini began working for. He gave violent narratives in the newspaper. Mussolini began to feel opposed to the newspaper and published Il Popolo d'Italia, which had completely opposed Avanti's news. The image shows the newspaper in which he worked for, for the Socialist party.
-
In 1912, Mussolini was a leading Socialist in the Italian Socialist Party. However, because he advocated for military intervention in WW1, as he did in the Avanti newspaper, he was kicked out of the political party.
-
The Treaty of London was kept secret between the Triple Entente and the Kingdom of Italy. In Italy's eyes, the Treaty of London was not a success, because the country did not gain territory after WWI as promised in the treaty.
-
The meaning of Biennio Rosso is "2 red years." The Beginning of Biennio Rosso, following the Great War, was caused by very high levels of unemployment as well as political instability. It is regarded as a revolutionary period after WWI. There were many strikes, worker manifestations, and self-managed experiments throughout Italy. The image portrays armed self-managed workers in factories in Milan, Italy.
-
Mussolini, who was now a former socialist due to being kicked out of the party, formed the Fascio di Combattimento (fighting leagues) in Milan. Basically, this was the founding of Fascists. The fascists first spoke about radical nationalist ideas as well as women deserving the right to vote.
-
Giolitti created the National Blocs, which was a list for the electoral created by the liberals backing Giolitti up, as well as the Fascio di Combattimento, the Italian Nationalist Association, and other similar groups. The ultimate goal was to put a halt to the grow of the socialist party.
-
In 1921, Mussolini formed the PNF, which was the fascist party of Italy. Mussolini was elected as leader of the political party. He was known as IL Duce, meaning, The Leader.
-
At the time, Victor Emmanuel III was the King of Italy. The prime minister Luigi Facta wanted to declare Italy a state of siege. The King did not allow this, and then declared Mussolini as the new prime minister the next day.
-
The Acerbo Law was an Italian electoral law created by Baron Giacomo Acerbo to give the Mussolini fascist party a large number of deputies. The Italian party passed it in 1923. Below is a picture of Acerbo.
-
This incident was a diplomatic and military crisis between the countries of Italy and Greece. It began when a general from Italy was leading a commission to solve a problem regarding borders between Albania and Greece, but was murdered in Greece along with other Italians.
-
The Matteotti Crisis was a confrontation of the Fascists of Italy and Liberals as well. This occurred after the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti who was a Socialist opposition deputy. He was killed by fascist thugs. This image is a picture of Matteotti.
-
The Aventine Secession was a withdrawal of parliament opposition. It was mostly made up of socialists, liberals, the popular party, communists. This occurred after the Matteotti Crisis.
-
The Locarno Treaty was 7 negotiations created in Locarno, Switzerland from October 5-16 1925. However, it was formally signed on December 1st.
-
The Battle for Grain was an economic plan created by the Fascist party of Italy. It was a move to increase bread and cereal production so that the country did not have to import many goods.5000 new farms were built.
-
In order to end the democracy within Italy, Mussolini pulled of a coup d'etat. His purpose had been to then become leader of the kingdom of Italy.
-
The Battle for Land was a policy in which aimed to clear marshland and swamps in order to make land good enough to farm. The Battle for the Lira was another economic policy which the Fascists created that was an attempt to raise claims of the country becoming a Great Power. The image portrays clearing marshland for more farmland.
-
The Battle for Births was a fascist policy. Families were ordered to have many kids, and those who did not had to pay higher taxes. Mussolini wanted to increase the population in order to recruit more soldiers in the future.
-
This was an international agreement where states had to promise not to use war to solve conflicts.
-
The Lateran Treaty was 1 part of the Lateran Pacts of 1929. It was signed by Mussolini. It recognized Vatican City as independent.
-
The Stresa Front was an alliance between Italy, Britain, and France. It opposed Hitler's desire to rearm Germany, as the Treaty of Versailles said not to.
-
The Abyssinian Crisis was a diplomatic crisis involving Italy's ongoing conflict with Ethiopia. League of Nations voted against Italy and for economic sanctions.
-
The Italian involvement took place in Spain during the Spanish Civil War. Its purpose was to support nationalist cause against the 2nd Spanish Republic. Italy gave Nationalists 660 planes, 150 tanks, 10,000 machine guns, 240,000 rifles.
-
The Rome-Berlin Axis was a treaty signed by nations that fought in WWII against Allies. Though they all opposed the Allies, they were not transparent in their actions.
-
The Munich Conference was an agreement between Germany, UK, France, and Italy. It gave "cession to Germany of the Sudeten German territory". Basically, Nazi Germany could annex Sudentenland.
-
Italy invaded Albania was a military campaign led by Italy against Albania. This campaign was a consequence of the policies of Mussolini.
-
Mussolini led the Kingdom of Itlay into the second world war through the Nazi's side, as Mussolini was an Ally of Hitler.
-
Benito Mussolini was killed in 1945 , in Giulino, Azzano, Italy alongside his wife. He was executed by a firing squad made up of Italian partisans who caught him and his wife as they were trying to escape Italy, and get to Switzerland.
