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Alexander I
Alexander I inherited the throne in 1801 and became emperor of Russia. He ruled 24 years until his death in 1925. He wanted to make changes.
He was open to liberal ideas
(Lived from December, 23, 1777 to December, 1, 1825) -
Decembrist Revolt
After Alexander I's death, a group of army officers led an uprising known Decembrist Revolt.
They fought Napoleon in the Western Europe.
With the failure of the Decembrists, Russia's monarchical absolutism would continue for long time
The picture represents a groups of army officers marching or fighting -
Alexander II
Came to the throne in 1855 during the Crimean war. Liberals demanded changes, and students demonstrated for reforms. Pressed from all sides, Alexander II agreed to reforms in 1861, he issued a royal decree that required emancipation, or freeing the serfs. Alexander set up a system of local government. Elected assemblies, called zemstvos, were made responsible for matters such as road repair, schools, and agriculture. ( lived from April 29,1818 to March 13, 1881) -
March 1881
It was a sad day when Alexander III's father, Alexander II was assassinated in Saint Petersburg by 2 terrorist boomers. -
Alexander III
Son of Alexander II. He wiped out liberals and revolutions, increased the power of the secret police, and restored strict censorship.Russification was aimed at suppressing the cultures of non-Russian people within the empire. Made it so only Russian was Spoken, and the Russian orthodox was the only church Persecution of Russian Jews, limited the number of Jews who were allowed to study in universities and Practice Professions such as law and medicine. (lived from March 10,1845 to Nov. 1,1894) -
Nicolas II
Last emperor of Russia, son of Alexander III. Thanks to him Russia finally entered the industrial age. He secured foreign capital to invest in transportation system & industry. Loans from France helped to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad.( built between 1891 -1916) Was build to connect iron and cool mines, and transport goods across Russia. (lived from May 18, 1868 to July 17, 1918) -
Vladimir Ulyanov
Used false name “Lenin”.
Founder of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Lenin issued the New Economic Policy which was called NEP
Leader of 1917 October Revolution
( lived from April 22, 1870 to Jan. 21, 1924) -
War with Japan
The war was called Russo-Japanese War.
Fought for Faith, the Czar, and Fatherland.
Results: Russia faced humiliating defeat, Treaty of Portsmouth
Russia is a big country and they lost to little Japan which meant that the ruler isn't as powerful as he thinks. (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) -
Bloody Sunday
Peaceful demonstrators marching to present a petition to Nicolas II were gunned down.
People lost faith & trust in the Czar.
Officials recorded 96 dead and 333 injured.
Moderate estimates still average around 1,000 killed or wounded, both from shots and trampled during the panic -
Revolution of 1905
Revolution of 1905. During the year 1905 strikes multiplied, in some cities workers took over local government. Peasants revolted and demanded land. Nicolas was forced to announce sweeping reforms. Promised freedom of person, conscience, speech, assembly, and union. Also he agreed to summon a Duma, which was elected national legislature. No laws would be passed without his approval.On Oct. 17,1905,October Manifesto was issued in response. -
Peter Stolypin
Peter Stolypin was new prime minister. Arrests, pogroms and executions followed as the conservative Stolypin sought to restore order. He realized that Russia needs reform, not only repression. He introduced moderate land reforms and strengthened the zemstvos and improved education. These reforms were too limited to meet the broad needs of most Russians. Also dissatisfaction still simmered. Was assassinated in 1911.
(lived from April 14, 1862 to Sept. 18, 1911)
