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Declared US neutral in conflict between Britain and France
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Avoided war by settling unresolved trade and other issues from American Revolution
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Gained unrestricted access to trade on Mississippi River from Spain
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"Europe ... is engaged in frequent controversies...which are not our concerns. Therefore, it is unwise in us to bind ourselves by alliances with those countries..."
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Adams continued Washington's policy of neutrality in war between Britain and France
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ended formal alliance with France after XYZ Affair
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bought Louisiana territory from France for $15 million, gained access to trade on Mississippi River and New Orleans
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attempts by Jefferson to restrict trade with Britain and France (and everyone else) to force them to respect US neutrality and shipping rights
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Declared war on Britain, when Britain repeatedly disrespected/violated US neutrality and trading rights
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US had increased sense of nationalism after winning the 2nd War of Independence (War of 1812) from the British