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Rav Yosef Karo was the author of the last great codification of Jewish Law, the Shulchan Aruch, which is still authoritative for all Jews pertaining to their respective communities.
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His ability to live independent of any religious affiliation weakens rabbinic authority and opens the door for other Jews to follow.
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Arbitrary event that marks the establishment of Hasidic and Misnagdish Judaism which dominated East Europe in the modern period.
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Jewish leader and major European philosopher. Mendelssohn articulates the idea that Judaism is compatible with the ideals of the European Enlightenment.
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European revolution based on Enlightenment principles redefines citizenship based on loyalty to the nation rather than religion or class.
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Largely a secular ideology that grew out of the European experience, Zionism calls for Jewish self-determination.
