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Civil war that caused millions of deaths. Hong Xinquan and his army tried to overthrow of the ruling Manchus and the transformation and reformation of the state. They tried to seek to upend the moral and social order of China, but only a effect was not effective.
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Chiang's 'White Terror' looks to destroy the CCP.
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CCP began to relax restrictions on freedom of speech and invite criticism of the Party, to encourage intellectuals to rejoin Chinese life in the arts and cultural institutions. By 1957, Mao had tired of the criticism and a crackdown on intellectuals and dissent began in the Anti-Rightist Campaign in mid-1957.
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Mao’s attempts to catch up with the US and Britain in a few years to move China from agricultural to industrial. The aftermath of the Great Leap Forward became an economic and social disaster to China.
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Student protests mirror May 4th Movement