-
as a German inventor and printer who is credited with the invention of the printing press with movable type in the mid-15th century. Gutenberg's invention revolutionized the process of book production by enabling the rapid and efficient printing of texts using individual metal letters that could be arranged and rearranged to form words and sentences is considered the first book printed using movable type, was completed in 1455.
https://youtu.be/rcgdDiD5reM -
was an Italian polymath, or a person with expertise in many fields, including painting, sculpture, engineering, architecture, science, and literature. He is widely considered one of the most talented and innovative artists and thinkers in human history,Da Vinci is perhaps best known for his works of art, including the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_presumed_self-portrait_-_WGA12798.jpg
https://youtu.be/xY-Yjl251dA -
In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire after a several-week-long siege, resulting in the end of the Byzantine Empire and Ottoman dominance in the region.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9i2k5DcyEY&pp=ygUTY29uc3RhbnRpbm9wbGUgZmFsbA%3D%3D -
the catholics monarcs callled Fernando II Aragon of and isabel I of Castilla Their reign was marked by the unification of Spain, the expulsion of the Moors, the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition, and the sponsorship of Christopher Columbus's voyages to America
https://youtu.be/MHlfzBNnhqI -
talian Renaissance artist and sculptor, born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest artists of all time, known for his sculptures, paintings, and architectureMichelangelo was trained as a painter, but he is most famous for his sculptures, including the Pieta and the David, both of which are located in Italy. He also painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome
https://youtu.be/ioVNFqQ5Zlg
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Miguel_%C3%81nge -
In 1492, Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer, landed in the Bahamas, marking the beginning of European colonization of the Americas with the three boats e Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria.
https://youtu.be/MHlfzBNnhqI -
The Treaty of Tordesillas was a 1494 agreement between the kingdoms of Portugal and Castile mediated by Pope Alexander VI. The treaty aimed to divide the newly discovered lands of the Americas, Africa, and Asia between the two countries along a line of demarcation located 370 leagues (approximately 1,770 km or 1,100 miles) west of the Cape Verde Islands.
https://youtu.be/OKyzxCNgX6Y -
Juana I of Castilla, also known as Juana la Loca, became queen in 1504 after the death of https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Johanna_I_van_Castili%C3%AB.JPGher mother Isabel I.
https://youtu.be/g88lO1SLYJ0 -
John Calvin was a theologian and religious reformer who lived in the 16th century. He was born in France in 1509 and is best known for his role in the Protestant Reformation, which sought to reform the Catholic Church and create new Protestant churches
https://youtu.be/KZARuVXiH8k
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:John_Calvin_Museum_Catharijneconvent_RMCC_s84_cropped.png -
Charles I was the first king of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain. He is the only king in history who could be considered to be the emperor of the old and new worlds. Charles I of Spain and V of Germany was born in Flanders in 1500.
https://youtu.be/hCLrGf9zIKk
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Portrait_of_Charles_V%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor%2C_seated_%281500%E2%80%931558%29%2C_formerly_attributed_to_Titian_%28Alte_Pinakothek%2C_Munich%29.jpg/220px- -
The 95 Theses are a list of statements and propositions written by Martin Luther in 1517, criticizing certain practices of the Catholic Church. Luther's criticisms centered on the sale of indulgences, which he saw as a corruption of the Catholic Church's teaching on salvation.
https://youtu.be/X4LFuJac0GQ -
he Act of Supremacy was a law passed by the English Parliament in 1534 during the reign of King Henry VIII. The Act declared that the king was the supreme head of the Church of England, breaking away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. The Act gave Henry VIII and his successors greater control over the Church
https://youtu.be/bKIoefiEvuQ -
The Council of Trent was a major event in the history of the Catholic Church, held in Trento, Italy, from 1545 to 1563. The council was called by Pope Paul III in response to the Protestant Reformation, which was spreading throughout Europe at the time.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xy_M4pDjafo&pp=ygUQY291bmNpbCBvZiB0cmVudA%3D%3D
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Concilio_Trento_Museo_Buonconsiglio.jpg -
it was member of the Habsburg dynasty and the son of Carlos I. He served as king in Spain from 1556 to 1598 and as king of the Portuguese (as Philip I) from 1580 to 1598.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philip_II_portrait_by_Titian.jpg
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2FMapPorn%2Fcomments%2F18m4gc%2Fthe_spanish_empire_in_the_age_of_philip_ii_king%2F&psig=AOvVaw2JmnsaGAKX9DsIhuiggaHe&ust=1682523472009000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCJi-ob2uxf4CFQ -
Philip III,was born April 14, 1578, Madrid and died March 31, 1621, Madrid , king of Spain and of Portugal was characterized by a successful peaceful foreign policy in western Europe and internally by the expulsion of the Moriscos
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPhilip-III-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal&psig=AOvVaw1TowZexP__eqYABIKGxQSx&ust=1682523874248000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCIit77Kwxf4CFQAAAAAdAAA
https://youtu.be/h0K_xYiHdTA -
was a Spanish painter who is considered one of the most important artists of the Baroque period. He was born in Seville and trained as a painter there before moving to Madrid, where he became a court painter for Felipe IV
Some of Velázquez's most famous paintings include "Las Meninas," a portrait of the young princess Margarita with her attendants
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Las_Meninas_01.jpg https://youtu.be/Q0rfzyWbJ9U -
was crowned king of Spain in 1621. He was the son of Philip III and Margaret of Austria. During his reign Spanish foreign power declined; he failed to regain control of the north Netherlands and lost wars against France. But at home he proved to be an important patron of the arts.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPhilip_IV_of_Spain&psig=AOvVaw23S16NsV5PLy3tV1O3pOW1&ust=1682524265136000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCKD4lvuxxf4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE -
was the last Habsburg King of Spain. He succeeded his father Felipe IV in 1665 at the age of four and ruled until his death in 1700. Carlos II's reign was marked by political instability, economic decline, and the decline of Spanish power and influence in Europe i it was to ill he was a deformed jaw and a tongue that was too large for his mouth, which made it difficult for him to speak and he was sterile with a black testicle
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Juan_de_Miranda_Carreno_002.jpg -
he war was fought between a coalition of European powers, including England, the Dutch Republic, and Austria, against France, which supported the accession of Philip, Duke of Anjou, to the Spanish throne following the death of Carlos II of Spain.ich ended the war and confirmed the accession of Philip V of Spain, the grandson of Louis XIV of France, to the Spanish throne
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Final_War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_Collage.jpg
https://youtu.be/YdII98Ct9Gg -
The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France from 1789 to 1799. The revolution was triggered by widespread discontent with the French monarchy, as well as economic and social inequalities that plagued French society. The revolution saw the overthrow of the French monarchy, the establishment of a republic,
https://youtu.be/IIDfZ-8o4jEnd fraternity.
