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The threat of Napoleon led two groups to unite: "criollos" and "mestizos". They started the "insurgente" movement in Queretaro. Once they were discovered, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla gave the Cry for Independence and triggered the war for Idependence.
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This Plan declared Mexico as independent and stablished a monarchy as their goverment.
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The Trigarante army was made to spread the word of the Iguala Plan across New Spain.
This army marched into Mexico City led by Agustín de Iturbide in Civilian clothes. México City was filled with joy and celebration. -
The Declaration of Independence was signed separating México from Spain.
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In May 18th 1822, he soldiers demanded the Congress to reunite and Valentín Gomez Farias read the proposal to make Iturbide King. 67 people failed in favor against fifteen.
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The Plan Casa Mata, which led Iturbide to resign and go to exile, propopesed a new congress. Iturbide later dies once he returns to Mexico in July 19th 1824
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It established a representative and federal republic formed by nineteen states, four territories and a Federal Distric. Guadalupe Victoria was elected as President and in this date, with his vicepresident Vicente Guerrero, sweared upon the Constitution.
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By 1930, there were 10 americans for 1 mexican, this created tension. Santa Anna marched to Texas in early 1836. Because of a slip, Santa Anna was made a prisioner in San Jacinto, he was forced to sign the Treaties of Velasco which recognized Texas as independent.
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After declaring their independence, Texas wanted to join USA but Mexico prohibited. But John Tyler started the negotiations to anex Texas, which he later accomplished.
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After a two year war between Mexico and the United States, USA finally conquered California and Nuevo Mexico. The treaty made it official. It is worth mentioning that the payment wasn't made because of the land, but because of the damage.
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Comonfort aproved this constitution, which established the "garantias individuales" and a system to protect them.
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It started in january of 1858.This conflict was one between liberals and conservatives. It ended once the Holy Church and the State separated. Liberals, led by Benito Juarez, won the war
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In July 17 1861, Juarez declared the suspension of the debt to France and other countries. The troops of these countries arrived in Veracruz in 1862. The won battle of Puebla, in may 5 of that year, helped the people to be more optimistic. This intervention ended thanks to the death of Maximiliam I of Habsburgo.
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After the second mexican Empire was formed, Benito Juarez led a "Guerrilla" to war. The guerrilla won and make Mexico a Republic again. Juarez was elected president from 1868-1871.
