Mexico Timeline 1600-2023

  • Independence Day

    Independence Day

    Mexicans worldwide will observe the commemoration of their nation's liberation from Spanish rule on September 16th. This day is designated as a national holiday in Mexico and is characterized by various festivities, including the reenactment of a pivotal event featuring a revolutionary leader, along with a diverse showcase of entertainment ranging from fireworks displays to choreographed dance performances.
  • Treaty of Córdoba

    Treaty of Córdoba

    This treaty recognized Mexico's independence from Spain, ending Spanish colonial rule and leading to the establishment of the First Mexican Empire.
  • Mexican-American War

    Mexican-American War

    A conflict with the United States resulted in the loss of significant territory, including California, New Mexico, and parts of Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.
  • Reform War

    Reform War

    A civil war between liberal and conservative factions in Mexico, marked by political and religious tensions.
  • French Intervention and Second Mexican Empire

    French Intervention and Second Mexican Empire

    France invaded Mexico and established the Second Mexican Empire under Emperor Maximilian I, which eventually collapsed due to Mexican resistance.
  • Constitution of 1917

    Constitution of 1917

    A new constitution was enacted, addressing land reform, labor rights, and other social issues, and serving as the foundation for modern Mexican governance.
  • Mexican Revolution

    Mexican Revolution

    A complex social and political upheaval that aimed to address issues of land reform, labor rights, and political representation, resulting in significant changes in government and society.
  • Cristero War

    Cristero War

    A violent conflict between the Mexican government and Catholic rebels who opposed anti-clerical policies.
  • Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Dominance

    Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Dominance

    The PRI established a long period of one-party rule characterized by political stability, economic development, but also concerns about corruption and authoritarianism.
  • Nationalization of Oil Industry

    Nationalization of Oil Industry

    President Lázaro Cárdenas nationalized Mexico's oil industry, leading to the creation of the state-owned oil company PEMEX.
  • Tlatelolco Massacre

    Tlatelolco Massacre

    The Mexican government's violent suppression of student protests in Mexico City just days before the Summer Olympics, resulting in a significant death toll.
  • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

    North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

    Mexico, the United States, and Canada established a free trade agreement, impacting Mexico's economy and trade relationships.North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  • Zapatista Uprising

    Zapatista Uprising

    The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) launched an armed uprising in Chiapas, advocating for indigenous rights and social justice.
  • Peso Crisis

    Peso Crisis

    A financial crisis marked by the devaluation of the Mexican peso and economic instability.
  • Democratic Transition

    Democratic Transition

    Vicente Fox of the National Action Party (PAN) won the presidential election, ending the PRI's uninterrupted hold on the presidency since 1929.
  • War on Drugs

    War on Drugs

    President Felipe Calderón launched a military-led campaign against drug cartels and organized crime, leading to ongoing violence and social issues.
  • 2017 Central Mexico Earthquake

    2017 Central Mexico Earthquake

    A powerful earthquake struck Mexico City and surrounding areas, causing significant damage and loss of life.
  • Mexican Swine Flu

    Mexican Swine Flu

    A global pandemic originating in Mexico led to widespread health concerns and international responses.
  • COVID-19 Pandemic

    COVID-19 Pandemic

    Mexico, like much of the world, faced health, economic, and social challenges due to the global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus.
  • US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

    US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)

    A trade agreement that replaced NAFTA, aiming to modernize trade relations between the three countries.
  • Metro Overpass Collapse in Mexico City

    Metro Overpass Collapse in Mexico City

    An overpass of the Mexico City metro collapsed, resulting in multiple deaths and injuries, highlighting infrastructure and safety concerns.