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Barber surgeons were popular because they could perform procedures like blood letting, teeth pulling, cupping, etc. They would do standard barber things as well, like shaves and haircuts. This is where the iconic barber pole came from.
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The sick were mainly “cured“ by prayers. Other methods blood letting, purging with laxatives, change of diet, herbal methods, etc. All of these proved to be very ineffective as 1/3 of Europe got wiped out by the plague.
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The middle ages is when the first hospitals came around. The concept of patients being where doctors and treatment were available 24/7.
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Some common diseases for this time period were dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, chicken pox, measles, and the black plague.
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Cholera was a very widespread disease in Europe. It was caused by contaminated drinking water due to poor and compact living conditions. This was discovered by John Snow. He connected the dots between people getting their water, where they were getting it, and when they died.
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Renaissance means re-birth. Wealth and education triggered this re-birth. With this new start came many new techniques and understandings of the body.
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This is when the black plague was really in its prime. It was carried by fleas on rats. It caused high fevers and painful sores all over your body. It could kill in a matter of days. It wiped out around 1/3 of Europe.
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In the Renaissance artists would draw pictures of the human body and integrated elements of the human anatomy which led to more advanced surgical procedures.
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While he is a famous artist, he also studied the human and reportedly dissected over 30 bodies to try and understand them. He also made many discoveries outside of medicine that have helped shape the world we live in today.
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In the Renaissance period they got rid of harmful procedures that harmed the body rather than cure it, such as blood letting to rebalance the bodys humors. They
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Due to the rapid growth of towns, these were often breeding grounds for the spread of deadly diseases because of the amount of people living in such a close proximity.
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Established the correlation between clinical symptoms and post mortem findings. His discoveries formed a new attitude towards specific diagnostic and surgical interventions.
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The council was able to collect rates to pay for street lighting, sewage disposal and fresh water.
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Dr. Morton and John Collins Warren performed the first successful surgical procedure using anesthesia.
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Most surgeries were done in dirty conditions and tools were never cleaned which also led to the further spread of disease and infection
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Ehrlich did some work on lead poisoning and found out the tissues had selective affinities to certain chemicals.
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Harold Gillies founded a plastic surgery and popularized a type of pedicle skin graft. It is where the skin and tissues are temporarily left for nourishment from where the graft was taken. Many other techniques have since been borrowed from plastic surgery.
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The very first vaccine occurred in the late 1930s against yellow fever. However, the first relatively vaccine was produced to protect against Influenza. The next to follow was made by Jonas Salk against polio.
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Due to advances in biomedical engineering, new ways were found to probe the body in a noninvasive way. One of those methods being the ultrasound.
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Organisms began to develop a resistance to the antibiotic penicillin and does not work against every micro-organism. In this time scientists discriminated the use of the medication and searched for new varieties of it.
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This is helping scientists identify the specific genes that can cause a disease and in turn helping find better treatments. In 2003 they had completed a draft sequence of the human genome.
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The first face transplant done in the US was done on Connie Culp. There had been a few prior to this in other countries. They re sculpt the cheek and jaw bones and are able to give then new noses, lips and teeth.
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With advancements in 3-D printing we are able to take steps towards making artificial organs. It has started with being able to regenerate cells for burn victims. However, with further testing there is many new possibilities.
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Because of advancements with prosthesis, amputees are now able to use bionic limbs that can be controlled and positioned through an app on an iPad.
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Robotic Surgery is used in mildly invasive procedures to increase accuracy. With more advancements it can so be combined with augmented reality to give surgeons more information while they are operating.
