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Socrates was an Athenian Philosopher whose opinions always challenged that of the politics and society in Athena. “No one commits an evil act knowingly and doing wrong arises out of ignorance,” Socrates says to emphasize to act of wrongdoings because of either the lack of knowledge or the ignorance of it in favor of accomplishing his hidden motive. -
Plato is regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of all time. Plato’s view on ethics was virtue-centric, like most Philosophers of this period. His area of interest was on challenging people on their takes about goodness because it can take a turn for the worse in their attempts to live happy lives. Socrates believes that virtues are not an impediment, but rather a major role in the pursuit and achievement of happiness. -
Aristotle was known as “The First Teacher” in Arabic Philosophy and in the West was monikered “The Philosopher”. He viewed virtues as a thing that were acquired, and which regulate our emotions. He also believed how virtues fell somewhere in the middle of extreme character traits. Unlike his notion on virtues, Aristotle states that to achieve happiness, we must live a life of moderation, also referred to as “The Golden Mean Principle”. -
Thomas Hobbes believes that if left alone by themselves, people will act on their own ignoble desires. In turn, they are not to be trusted in making their own decisions. Compounding this, he states how like people, nations are selfishly motivated. In turn, Hobbes’ moral positivism reacts to this mentioning the ensuing of chaos when laws are not followed. -
This ethical theory was not actually fully articulated until the 19th Century. Despite that, it was founded by Jeremy Bentham during the 18th century and was argued to be used in earlier periods in time. The maxim “Do whatever produces the greatest good for the greatest number” best explains the premise of utilitarian ethics. The theory argues that the consequences of a certain action define its rightness, regardless of motives.