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Cortes sails from Havana and lands in Mexico. -
The viceroyalty of New Spain was established. -
Parish Priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla sounds the "Grito de Dolores," which begins the fight for independence.
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Inquisition suppressed.
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Independence won. -
Chiapas incorporated into Mexico.
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Federal Constitution proclaimed. Estados Unidos Mexicanos organized
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Texas rebellion.
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Conquest of Texas. -
Benito Juarez proclaims the Reform Laws.
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Maximilian reaches Mexico and becomes its Emperor.
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French troops withdraw from Mexico.
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Revolutionary period, when many immigrated to the United States, which set up border patrols. The U.S. Department of State warns all Americans to withdraw from Mexico. Relations between the United States and Mexico strained due to conflict over control of the oil industry.
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Expropriation of foreign oil companies.