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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 347 U.S. 483 (1954) This decision in Brown vs the Board of Education is pivotal in our country's history. This case is of the father of Linda Brown which sued in order that their child could attend the all white school in their neighborhood.The Supreme Court decision helped launch the Civil rights movement and demanded equal opportunity in public education. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
The Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965 (ESEA) was a part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's "War of Poverty". President Johnson was a high school teacher and understood that education was the key to upward mobility. This landmark legislation authorized the federal government to equalize opportunity for all children by directing federal dollars. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
334 F. Supp. 1257 (E.D. Pa. 1971)
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was sued by the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC), over a law that gave public schools the authority to deny a free education to children who had reached the age of 8, yet had not reached the mental age of 5. Thomas K. Gilhool was the attorney who represented the PARC and families of children of development disabilities -
Mills v. Board of Education
348 F. SUPP 866 Children were denied education because they were classified as having of alleged mental, behavioral, physical or emotional disabilities issues. The board of education did not provide schooling for these children. These children had been denied placement in a public educational program for substantial periods of time. The plaintiffs sought an injunction on the grounds that they had been denied their constitutional right to Due Process. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
Public Law 94-142 in 1975 Enacted by Congress to support states in protecting the rights of children with disabilities and to meet their needs. It was intended that all children with disabilities would “have a right to education, and to establish a process by which State and local educational agencies may be held accountable for providing educational services for all handicapped children.” -
The School Committee of Burlington v. Department of Education of Massachusetts
Docket Nn. 84-433 US Supreme Court
Michael Panico was a handicapped first grader in a Burlington public schools. His IEP decided that the school was not equipped to handle his needs and for him to be transferred the following year. His parents did not agree with the proposed IEP and sought review with the EAHCA’s provisions.They enrolled him in a private special-education school. The town was ordered to pay for tuition and reimburse the family for money already spent. -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
HCPA, P.L. 99-372
A significant win for civil rights and disability advocates, the HCPA builds on the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) of 1975.This law gave the families with children born with disabilities services that were not available until a child reached the age of three.it adds a clause to the law allowing for legal costs for civil suits.Also stipulates that school allow parents of children with disability to participate in their child IEP. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990
Pub.L. 101-476
The goal of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is to provide children with disabilities the same opportunity for education as those students who do not have a disability. Traumatic brain injury and autism were added to the category of disabilities. -
No Child Left Behind Act
Public Law 107-110
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states.
States are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school. All students are expected to meet or exceed state standards.
The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
Congress amended IDEA by calling for early intervention, greater accountability and improved educational outcomes. It raised the standards for special education instructors by requiring them to be highly qualified -
Every Student Succeeds Act 2015
Pub.L. 114–95
It is a public law that replaces the No Child Left Behind Act. It provides incentives for states to prepare students to succeed in college and the workplace, including the achievement of disadvantaged students who fall into four key groups: students in poverty, minorities, students who receive special education, students with limited English skills
