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The Puritans were a group of Protestants in England during the 16th and 17th century who founded their reforming movement due to their dissatisfaction with the 1558 settlement under Queen Elizabeth I which reformed the Church of England following the reign of her half-sister, the Catholic Mary I. At first, Puritans were devoted to religious matters only. But many senior Puritans became politically active and were prime movers in the challenge to the monarch and some of them came to power, notabl
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• The English Puritans by John Brown
• Worldly Saints by Dr. Leland Ryken
• The Puritans: Their Origins and Successors by D.Martin Lloyd-Jones
• Puritan Papers by J.I. Packer (Editor)
• The Scots Worthies by John Howie -
Native American literature, also referred to as Indian literature is the traditional oral and written literatures of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. There is not much of this type of literature in history mainly because these people were unable to write and publish, so this results in the vast majority of the literature being poems and stories passed around for generations until finally being put into writing. These include ancient hieroglyphic and pictographic writings of Middle America
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1.The Sky Tree (pg.20 English Book), 2.The Earth Only (Pg.21 English) Book) 3.Coyote Finishes His Work (Pg.22 English Book) 4.The Blackfeet Genesis (Pg.25 English Book) 5.From The Way to Rainy Mountain (Pg. 32 English Book)
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The Enlightenment was an abundance of ideas and activities that took place throughout the eighteenth century in Western Europe, England, and the American colonies. The scientific method was the hallmark of everything related to the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers believed that the advances of science and industry heralded a new age of egalitarianism and progress for humankind. More goods were being produced for less money, people were traveling more, and the chances for the upwardly mobile
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• Frankenstein
• The Castle of Otranto (1764)
• Dracula
• Oliver Twist
• Bleak House -
Gothic fiction, sometimes referred to as Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. Gothicism's origin is attributed to English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto, subtitled "A Gothic Story". The effect of Gothic fiction feeds on a pleasing sort of terror, an extension of Romantic literary pleasures that were relatively new at the time of Walpole's novel.
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• Ignacy Krasicki, The Adventures of Nicholas Experience (Polish, 1776) - the first Polish novel
• Frances Burney, Evelina, (British, 1778)
• Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho, (British, 1794)
• Mary Hays, Memoirs of Emma Courtney, (British, 1796)
• Matthew Lewis, The Monk, (British, 1796) -
No other period in English literature displays more variety in style, theme, and content than the Romantic Movement of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Romanticism can best be described as a large network of sometimes competing philosophies, agendas, and points of interest. In England, Romanticism had its greatest influence from the end of the eighteenth century up through about 1870. Its primary vehicle of expression was in poetry, although novelists adopted many of the same themes. In
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• The Romantic Agony
• Don Juan
• The Scarlet Letter
• Pride and Prejudice
• Moby Dick -
The history of literature in the Modern period in Europe begins with the Age of Enlightenment and the conclusion of the Baroque period in the 18th century, succeeding the Renaissance and Early Modern periods. In the classical literary cultures outside of Europe, the Modern period begins later, in Ottoman Turkey with the Tanzimat reforms (1820s), in Qajar Persia under Nasser al-Din Shah (1830s), the century is also synonymous with end of the Mughal era and the establishment of the British Raj (18
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• The Maine Woods
• Walden
• The Portable Thoreau
• Cape Cod
• Representative Men -
In the early to mid-nineteenth century, a philosophical movement known as Transcendentalism took root in America and evolved into a predominantly literary expression. The adherents to Transcendentalism believed that knowledge could be arrived at not just through the senses, but through intuition and contemplation of the internal spirit. As such, they professed skepticism of all established religions, believing that Divinity resided in the individual, and the mediation of a church was cumbersome
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• The Portrait of a Lady
• Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
• War and Peace
• The Mill on the Floss
• The Red and the Black -
A period in literature known as realism or literary realism is a movement that began in the 19th century. This period gave a rise to the novel as we know it. In contrast to Romanticism, realism sought to document the world as it actually is, doing away with flowery language and subjective emotion. Realism was sort of the death of fantasy and happy stories and encompassed realistic life events that people can really relate to.
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• The Man with the Golden Arm
• The Dollmaker
• The Awakening
• The Sport of the Gods
• The Jungle -
Naturalism refers to the viewpoint that laws of nature operate in the universe, and that nothing exists beyond the natural universe or, if it does, it does not affect the natural universe. Naturalists assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that the universe is a product of these laws. Naturalistic writers wrote stories that adopted the perspective that a person's character is determined by one's lineage and environment.
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In literature, regionalism or local color refers to fiction or poetry that focuses on specific features including characters, dialects, customs, history, and landscape – of a particular region. American Literary Regionalism has been the subject of scholarship for the past several decades and has been a central site for scholarly debate on a variety of methodologies including Feminism and New Historicism. This sub-field of American literary studies has been traditionally located in the late-ninet
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• Goblins and Pagodas
• Images Of War
• Death of a Hero
• Her
• Helen In Egypt -
Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear, sharp language; it was described as the most influential movement in English poetry since the activity of the Pre-Raphaelites. As a poetic style it gave Modernism its early start in the 20th century. 'It is more accurate to consider Imagism not as a doctrine, nor even as a poetic school, but as the association of a few poets who were for a certain time in agreement on a small number of
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• The Outcasts Of Poker Flat
• The Celebrated Jumping Frog Of Calaveras County
• The Lowest Animal
• Life On The Mississippi
• A Wagner Manatee -
• The Garden
• The Red Wheelbarrow
• The Great Figure
• This is Just To Say
• Mending Wall -
• The Weary Blues
• The Negro Speaks Of Rivers
• Harlem
• Heyday In Harlem From The Big Sea
• Incident -
The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the 1920s. At the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. Though it was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City, many French-speaking black writers from African and Caribbean colonies that lived in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance. This period of time was a result of the jazz movement and African Americans now being accepted to entertain all types of
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The term contemporary literature refers to a vast group of written works produced from a specific time in history through the current age. This literary era defines a time period, but it also describes a particular style and quality of writing. Some see this period as an extension of postmodern literature, but most refer to it as a literary era of its own. Most agree that the era of contemporary literature began in the 1960s. A few scholars claim this period started at the end of World War II, a
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• Son
• Speaking Of Courage
• Everything Stuck To Him
• Teenage Wasteland
• Daughter Of Invention